RELIGION 1300 FINAL EXAM Zoroastrianism Reverend Archibald Sayce 1st person to talk about the term Zarathustra founder and leader o Born to warrior clan o Wanted to reform moral behavior and polytheism God Ahura Mazda o He is the god afterlife is important Devil Aura Mainyu King Vishtaspa first to convert Afterlife in 2 stages o 1 Judged at the bridge of judgment kingdom of truth kingdom of falsehood o 2 savior take to paradise and destroy all evil Judaism Nebuchadnezzar takes over Israel and forces people to leave Disaspora Jewish people living outside of Jerusalem and Israel Cyrus the great overthrows Neb Jews in exile are told to go back home and teach Judaism o When they return they build a temple Rome conquers Jerusalem and destroys the second Jewish temple as punishment for the Jews Synagogues Jewish church Rabbis priests and religious leaders Moses Medelssohn wanted the Jews to fit in so he created Reform Judaism o Blending in with the culture Orthodox Judaism not willing to fit in wanted to listen to mosaic laws o Zichism reclaiming political control of Israel Theodor Herzl wanted Israel to be THE Jewish state Hasidic Judaism more conservative meditation Humanistic Judaism atheist Jews Jew by birth but believing in god doesn t have anything to do with a Jewish identity o More like a race Early Christianity Catholic or protestant Everyone agrees on Jesus Sacred text bible o Protestant anything Christian other than catholic Roman and Jewish sources write about Jesus following communities in the gospels not included in the bible Gnostics Last supper Jesus knows he is going to be betrayed and executed so he has dinner with 12 disciples o Execution on cross Hellenizers to follow Jesus you don t have to follow Jewish laws Jewish Jesus followers stay kosher and Jewish follow mosaic laws Council of Jerusalem 2 groups brought together hellenizers won debate Godhead one true god who has always existed Old testament Yahweh new testament Godhead Emperor Theodosius makes Christianity official religion of roman empire Catholicism Hierarchy of the catholic church pope and cardinals o Laity regular catholic that go to church Emperor Theodosius becomes main church of the roman empire Pope elect new one after each one dies Catholic mass service avg catholic goes to o Eucharist reinacting the last supper with grape juice and bread Afterlife heaven or hell Baptism cleansing the sin that existed prior Second Vatican Council losing people to protestants so we should change Human Vitae the regulation of birth birth control sexual acts only lead to pregnancy condoms etc Protestantism Not catholic Martin Luther took stand against the catholic church Oral teachings don t exist only stuff out of the bible is important Martin Luther doesn t like the catholic theology John Wycliffe ideas differed from the catholic church o 95 theses why he doesn t agree with Catholicism posted on door John Calvin protestant reformer Islam Mosque religious building imam leads in prayer 5 pillars o Creed initiation into Islam o Prayer must pray mecca Fridays rest day o Ramadan fast o Aimsgiving give portion of wealth to the poor o Hajg pilgrimage sacred visit to mecca once in lifetime Allah god No pork Hijah headscarves very common with women Burka full body veil 2 types of Muslim Sunni and Shi a o Sunni more popular o Agree with hadith embrace the way Muhammad lived life o Caliphs Islamic leader Sufi Sufism another type Muslim Baha i Centered in Israel but not Jewish Bab new leader o Sayid Ali Muhammad claimed to be Bab Mizra Husayn Ali Nuri had vision he was the prophet changed his name to o Published texts Kitab I Agolas the most holy book and Kitab I Iquari the book of certitude Baha u llah Text based religion Major beliefs o Unity of god god expects people to change o Unity of humanity everyone is gods creation o Prophets expect new profits god will send them o Eternal soul no heaven and hell Universal house of justice HQ in Israel 9 is the perfect number 9 sides of temple Consists of 2 main things o 1 Prayer o 2 Doesn t have collection or offering Sikhism Saint poet Kabir rejected aspects of Hinduism Wear turbans on their head Guru Nanak founder Similar to Hinduism reincarnation samsara karma enlightenment illusion or unreality 5 evils happen when seeking enlightenment o Ego o Anger o Greed o Attachment o Lust Vahiguru supreme leader god Meditation key to attempting enlightenment o Nam repeating the gods name Gudwara temples and community centers no priests Bhindranwale becomes influential leader and begins to fight India o Golden temple is almost destroyed Black Islam blacks Fard Muhammad door to door seller of black Islam roots selling Islam to o Believes the original humans were black o Likes segregation and how everyone has their own businesses for whites and blacks Black nationalism and Islam have to believe that god is black Elijah Poole confronts Fard Muhammad and claims that the people are not ready to hear his teachings yet o When fard disappears Elijah changes name to Elijah Muhammad Yacub black scientist is banished to an island and this is where he makes the white people o Created the white devils University of Islam series of classes offered at mosques Fruit of Islam every able black male is expected to join o Teaches military tactics how to be a good husband Malcolm Little Malcolm x would go city to city to convert communities to black Islam o Doesn t want white people in this religion o Segregation o Kicked out of nation of Islam Mass conversion to Sunni Islam after Elijah Muhammad dies Islam in America After 9 11 Islam became big The first Muslims were black slaves Druze small set of Sunnis Anti gay and anti abortion Evangelicals Influenced by protestant reformation Type of Christian Personal relationship with god Highly emotional worship First great awakening series of revivals first wave of evangelicals John Calvin everyone is naturally a sinner George Whitefield preacher in the great awakening CBN 700 CLUB Jonathon Edwards author of sinners in the hands of an angry god Second Great Awakening continued to spread the spirit in the south Pentecostals Jesus had a virgin birth Christians protestants anti catholic Religious text encyclopedias called the Fundamentals Rousas Rushdoony creator of Christian deconstructionism Believe in heaven and hell born again o Baptisms rid of our sins Dancing in the spirit speaking in tongues happens at services All genders are created equal but women cant preach o
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