PSY 401 1st Edition Lecture 34 Outline of Last Lecture I. Gestalt Psychology a. Learningb. Productive ThinkingII. Humanitarian Reforma. Demonology and witchcraft i. Trephinationii. Profession of exorcismiii. Middle Agesiv. Rise of Witchcraft Outline of Current Lecture I. Humanitarian Reforma. Germany: Johann Christian Reil (1759-1813)i. “Application of Psychotherapy to Mental Disease” (1803)ii. Psychodramab. England: William Tuke (1732-1822)i. Established York Retreat (1796)ii. Daniel Hack Tuke-MDc. France: Philippe Pineli. Director of Bicetre Asylum (1793)ii. “A Treatise on Insanity” (1806)iii. Patient statistics and case histories d. Benjamin Rush (1745-1813)i. Founder of American Psychiatryii. Mental Disordersiii. Views on Alcohole. Franz Anton Mesmer (1739-1815)i. Maximillian Hellii. Mesmer’s Magnet Theoryiii. Animal Magnetism Theoryf. Dorthea Lynde Dix (1802-1887)i. Application of ReformsCurrent Lecture I. Humanitarian ReformThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.g. Germany: Johann Christian Reil (1759-1813)i. “Application of Psychotherapy to Mental Disease” (1803)1. Focus on treatmenta. Criticized the idea of evil spirits and being locked up b. Did not matter ‘why’, what mattered what how to get them back to functioning in society ii. Psychodrama1. Role play exercise to examine neurosis h. England: William Tuke (1732-1822)i. Established York Retreat (1796)1. Mental health institution 2. Reaction to St. Mary of Bethlehema. Bad conditions, did not care about treatment/rehabilitation, blood lettingb. York Retreat was like a country resort with activities and therapies (nature, animals, therapistsi. Idea was that positive conditions increased good behavior and decreased symptoms1. This was much more humanitarian ii. Daniel Hack Tuke-MD1. Brought legitimacy to the facility (MD)i. France: Philippe Pineli. Director of Bicetre Asylum (1793)1. Made a deal with the government to make reforms and increase conditions-show data that it worksa. Sun roomsb. Notices environment plays a key role ii. “A Treatise on Insanity” (1806)1. Environment is importantiii. First to maintain patient statistics and case histories j. Benjamin Rush (1745-1813)i. Founder of American Psychiatryii. Mental Disorders1. Etiology as physiological (circulatory system issues)2. Treat by getting your blood flowing more3. Treatmentsa. Diet and Environment are important: importance of the sun (discovered early version of SAD)b. “Tranquility Chair”: more human than straight jacketi. Less input: to calm them downc. “Gyrator”: chair that you spin a lot to get blood flowing to alleviate symptomsiii. Views on Alcohol1. People typically drank beer and wine (less alcohol, no issues)2. However, around the late 1600s people began drinking Gin3. Rush noticed people having issues with alcohola. Noticed it had negative effects and did not have some of the positive effects believed (stimulant, more energy, dehydration) k. Franz Anton Mesmer (1739-1815)i. Maximillian Hell1. Magnet therapy2. Priestii. Mesmer’s Magnet Theory1. Mental disorders were caused by an imbalanced force field2. Treat using hypnotism (were the word ‘mesmerized’ came from) iii. Animal Magnetism Theory 1. Early group therapya. Induced trance and ‘crisis’i. Hold iron rods (animal spirits) and he would induce trance state (relaxation), then yell code word, cameout of trance, connection with animal spiritii. Contagion effect: groups are more susceptible to suggestion than individuals l. Dorthea Lynde Dix (1802-1887)i. Application of Reforms1. Took data about the inhumane places and showed it to other places to petition for
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