PSY 401 1st Edition Lecture 24 Outline of Last Lecture I. Evolutionary Theory a. Charles Darwini. “Descent of Man”ii. “Expressions of Emotions in Man and Animals” iii. “Biographical Sketch of an Infant” II. Application of Evolutionary Theorya. Leta Stetter Hollingworth i. Disproved the Variability Hypothesisii. “The Psychology of the Adolescent”Outline of Current LectureI. Applications of Evolutionary Theory a. Herbert Spencer i. Survival of The fittest ii. Social Darwinism iii. “Principles of Psychology” (1855)b. Francis Galton (1822-1911)i. Obsession with counting ii. “Statistical Inquires into the Effectiveness of Prayer” (1872)iii. Co-relations and their measurements iv. Hereditary Geniusv. Eugenicsvi. “English Men of Science: Their Nature and Nurture”vii. “Inquiring into Human Faulty and Its Development”viii. Word Association Testix. Mental ImageryCurrent Lecture II. Applications of Evolutionary Theory a. Herbert Spencer i. Survival of The fittest 1. Coined the term for natural evidence2. Applied his concepts to economics, philosophy, sociology ii. Social Darwinism These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. Have a more deregulated society, then society will naturally progress to being the best people (being poor would be awful) iii. “Principles of Psychology” (1855)1. Used a little in early psychology classes2. Shaping: animals would try hunting tactics and over their lifespan, perfect their hunting skills b. Francis Galton (1822-1911)i. Obsession with counting 1. Like to count everything, like the number of fidget, or the number of beautiful women in an area (Beauty Map)2. Was very smart: knew how to talk at 2 ½ 3. His interest for numbers influenced his other work ii. “Statistical Inquires into the Effectiveness of Prayer” (1872)1. Is prayer effective: usually qualitative, but Galton wanted to use quantitative methods2. He looked at if people who prayed more lived longer lives (questionnaire) a. He found no relationship, therefore he concluded prayer was not effective iii. Co-relations and their measurements (correlation)1. Nature>nurture (genetics is what matter to him)2. Looked at things like height and weight to see if they were hereditary 3. Also looked at IQ being hereditary 4. Regression analysis: (to the mean), data points associated with outliers would gradually have IQs closer to the mean 5. Came up with ‘median’ and ‘percentile’ for statistics iv. Hereditary Genius 1. Is high intelligence hereditary?2. Found 1 in 4,000 chance of being a genius (baseline)a. Wanted to know if these people have 1st degree relatives: found those relatives have 1 in 10 chance of being a geniusv. Eugenics: improvements of living organisms through selective breeding1. Application for his work 2. “health, energy, manliness, courteous disposition”vi. “English Men of Science: Their Nature and Nurture”1. First questionnaire in psychology 2. First use of ‘nature’ and ‘nurture’3. Wanted to know if people have learned or innate interest in their fielda. Felt it was innate biological, however he noticed almost all had pinpointed a specific moments when they were youngthat had influenced them. So he had to acknowledge this little bit of nurture influence. vii. “Inquiring into Human Faculty and Its Development”1. First test battery for twins (MZ and DZ)2. Physical and psychological characteristics 3. Examines similarities throughout development:a. Found fraternal twins: start similar, then grow apartb. Found identical twins: start similar, then remain similar c. Concluded that genetics matter more than anything viii. Word Association Test1. 75 stimulus words2. Does the test himself3. Reports first word that comes to mind, then does it again a few days later4. He hoped to find an intricate web of words, but instead he found he just repeated the same wordsa. He didn’t publish the specifics of this work because he was embarrassed by some of the words he came up with ix. Mental Imagery1. Test reports of lots of people2. Found that theirs is a lot of variability in amount of detail of imagery a. Found a normal distribution, most around the
View Full Document
Unlocking...