PSY 401 1st Edition Lecture 19Outline of Last Lecture I. Early Neuroscience: Layout of the Nervous Systema. Charles Scott Sherrington i. “Integrative Action of the Nervous System” (1906)ii. Evidence for neuron theoryiii. Speed of neural impulseiv. Proved neuron theory beyond a doubtv. Coined “synapse”, etc. II. Towards the Formal Founding and Structuralism: Psychophysicsa. Psychophysicsb. Gustav Theodor Fechner (1801-1887)i. Afterimagesii. JNDOutline of Current Lecture I. Towards the Formal Founding and Structuralism: Psychophysicsa. Gustav Theodor Fechneri. Method of Limitsii. Quantification and experimentation II. Systems/Schools of Psychology a. Structuralismb. Functionalismc. Behaviorismd. Gestalt Psychology e. PsychoanalysisIII. Structuralisma. Goalb. Wilhelm Maximillian Wundt Current Lecture I. Towards the Formal Founding and Structuralism: Psychophysics a. Gustav Theodor Fechner i. Method of Limits1. Study threshold2. Present stimulus levels (gradually and continuously) until the participant’s answer changes to yes/no These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. You then average the values between yes and nob. Then average across many trials (allows you to eliminate a lot noise due to individual differences)b. Quantification and experimentationII. Systems/Schools of Psychologya. Structuralism: 1st school of psychologyi. Originates from Germanyii. Structure of consciousness; components of thoughtsb. Functionalismi. Function of traits/characteristicsii. Influenced by evolutionary theory; adaptation iii. American c. Behaviorismi. Only study what is directly observableii. Reaction against functionalism (introspection)d. Gestalt Psychologyi. How context influences perceptionii. Organization of elements influencing perception iii. expectationse. Psychoanalysisi. FreudIII. Structuralisma. Goal: describe the structure of the mind by analyzing its elements i. Very reductionist: break down perceptionii. Linked to chemistry: take conscious experience and break it down into smaller elements1. “periodic table of mental elements” b. Wilhelm Maximillian Wundt (1832-1920)i. Established first psychological institute at University of Leipzig (1879*)1. Official founding of psychology as a field 2. Very productive: made the field grow3. New Field: “Physiological Psychology” 4. Taught 2 classes, 2 publications/month, supervised 250 graduate students (lots of ‘academic offspring’)ii. “Philosophical Studies” (1881-1903)1. Established own Journal2. More quantifiable, experimental orientation3. Outlet for own research to be
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