PSY 401 1st Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture I. Philosophical Issues Continued a. Nature vs. Nurtureb. Reductionism vs. Holismc. Monism vs. Pluralismd. Mind vs. Braini. Psychogenye. Mind-Body Problemi. Monistic Theories Outline of Current Lecture I. Philosophical Issues Continueda. Mind-Body Problemi. Dualistic Theories1. Interactionism2. Parallelismii. Free Will vs. Determinism1. Libertarian 2. Determinista. Indeterminismb. FatalismCurrent LectureI. Dualistic Theories: mind and body both exist and might interact a. Interactionism: mind and body interact to cause a mutual eventi. Decision is bidirectional ii. Problem: HOW do they interact? There is no explanation These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.iii. Example: You stub your toe and feel pain because of the pain receptors in your toe, eventually you detect the painb. Parallelism: mind and body both exist, but on parallel planes (independent of each other, not a causal relationshipi. Example: you stub your toe and experience pain, but you would of still experienced that pain at that exact moment even if you did not stub your toe because it was destined to happenii. Occasionalism: created substances cannot be sufficient causes of events (God is cause) iii. Pre-established harmony: mind and body stay in line with each other and experience similar events but do not influence each other 1. Like two watches set for the same time at the same moment, smashing one does not affect the other II. Free Will vs. Determinisma. Libertarian View: human actions vary as a function of one’s own free will i. Cannot know what the decision is until it has been madeb. Determinist View: all events are caused and governed by natural law i. Can predict any decision with complete accuracy ii. Indeterminism: some events are not caused by law (soft determinism) 1. Can give probabilities rather than know what decision will be make definitively 2. Example: the firing of axons, Sodium has a percent probability thatit will rush into the axon causing an action potentialiii. Fatalism: Future is fixed, irrespective of our attempts to change
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