PSY 401 1st Edition Lecture 16 Outline of Last Lecture I. Early Neuroscience: Brain Locationa. Franz Joseph Gall (1758-1828)i. Doctrine of the Human skullii. Faculty Psychologyiii. Johann Spurzheimb. Pierre Flourensi. Ablationii. Action communeOutline of Current Lecture I. Early Neuroscience: Brain Localization a. Pierre Flourensi. Action Commune1. Phineas Gageb. Karl Lashleyi. Rat Studiesc. Paul Brocai. Patient ‘tan’ii. Expressive Aphasiaiii. Broca’s Aread. Carl Wernickei. Wernicke’s aphasiae. Fritsch and Hitzigi. Stimulation of motor cortexii. Contralateral brain-body relationship Current Lecture I. Early Neuroscience: Brain Localizationa. Pierre Flourens: Distribution i. Action Commune1. Phineas Gage a. Tamping rod through the frontal lobeb. Recovery of function; brain reorganized itself to make up for what he had lost c. Personality changesb. Karl Lashley (1890-1958): DistributionThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.i. Rat studies to examine if memory is localizedii. Had rat learn the mazeiii. Cut out parts of the brain1. Manipulated: location cut out, size cut outiv. Put them back in the maze to see if they could still remember v. Found: the location of the part cut out did not matter, but the amount (size) taken out did mattervi. Concluded that memory representation was distributed in the cortexvii. Criticisms from other researchers: there are many other functions besides memory involved with a complex task such as navigating through a maze c. Paul Broca (1524-1880): Localizationi. Patient “tan”: could only say one word1. He had epilepsy and one severe seizure caused damage to his brain in the left frontal lobe2. Lost ability to generate/produce speechii. Expressive Aphasia: loss of articulate speech (production of speech)iii. Broca’s area: the location damaged in the left frontal lobe in patient “tan” that isresponsible for speech productiond. Carl Wernicke (1848-1905)i. Wernicke’s aphasia: damage to area in left temporal lobe that is responsible for speech comprehensionii. Showed that language had different components that corresponded with different parts of the brain e. Fritsch (1838-1927) and Hitzig (1838-1907): localizationi. Stimulation of motor cortex in dogsii. Found that stimulation in one hemisphere corresponded with the opposite side of the bodyiii. Contralateral brain-body
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