PSY 401 1st Edition Lecture 2Outline of Last Lecture I. Discussion of the Syllabus and Introduction of the ProfessorOutline of Current Lecture I. Issues in Historical Studya. Why study the history of psychology?i. Coherent narrativeii. Contextiii. Progressiv. Avoid Pitfallsb. Historiographyc. Historicism vs. Presentism d. Primary and Secondary Sourcese. Internal vs External Historiography II. Philosophies of Historya. Great Person Orientation vs. Zeitgeist Orientationb. Theories of Historical Development i. Cyclical Theory Current LectureI. Issues in Historical Study a. History: systematic study of the record of human past (case studies of the individual)b. Why study the history of Psychology? i. Coherent narrative: psychology is a new discipline, we look at others areas that brought about the motivation to begin psychology 1. Is now fragmented and disconnected areas but used to be much more unified ii. Context: retain the information better if you have context because you can get a better understanding of the ideas1. Example: if you list the vague steps of doing laundry without telling the reader the steps are referring to laundry, it is difficult tounderstand what topic the passage is discussing, it is also harder to follow the steps without the information that it is for doing laundryThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.iii. Progress: do not repeat exact researchiv. Avoid Pitfalls: do not repeat mistakes of the past1. Example: Bible in which they made a small typo but make a big difference (‘shalt’ instead of ‘shalt not’)2. Example: NASA satellite that made a calculation error that cost millions of dollars (forgot to convert meters and yards)c. Historiography: method of history based on examination of relevant sourcesi. Decisions to make to study something ii. Have to rely on documentation (reliable sources) d. Historicism vs. Presentism i. Historicism: objective analysis of human past for its own sake1. Avoid being swayed by morals2. Why something happened with no regard to moralitya. Example: Milgram studies ii. Presentism: interpretive study of past events1. Cannot set aside bias, embrace subjectivity 2. We like to think our beliefs are study and continuous, but they are really note. Sourcesi. Primary: written by subject1. Not always better because it can be hard to understand what they are sayinga. Example: it is easier to read a textbook discussing Aristotle’s ideas rather than read his work directlyii. Secondary: someone else wrote the materialf. Internal vs External Historiography i. Internal: detailed account of discipline ‘from the inside’1. How something developed from own disciplinea. Example: Literature Review for a paper ii. External: Historical study ‘from the outside’1. Example: Since people like pictures of brains, etc the popularity of cognitive neuroscience grew-why it is so important and why it is interestingII. Philosophies of History a. Great Person Orientation vs. Zeitgeist Orientation i. Great Person Orientation: history shaped by ideas/action of brilliant people1. Things happen because great people cause change 2. Can be positive or negative (Lincoln vs. Hitler) 3. This is a popular view, is consistent with religious ideas ii. Zeitgeist Orientation: history is shaped by broad, impersonal forces1. ‘spirit of the times’2. Example: events would take place because of the culture, art, science, etc. 3. Example: according to this view, the Holocaust would still have occurred even if Hitler did not exist4. Example: argument that beer played a large role in social class development ~This class uses a combination of both approaches b. Theories of Historical Developmenti. Cyclical Theory: History as an endless process of repetition1. ‘history repeats itself’2. Can see this in supernatural explanations and
View Full Document
Unlocking...