PSY 401 1st Edition Lecture 30 Outline of Last Lecture I. Behaviorisma. Edward Thorndike (1874-1949)i. Read “Principles of Psychology” by Jamesii. Harvardiii. PhD at Columbiaiv. Connectionismv. Conclusions of ResearchOutline of Current Lecture I. Behaviorisma. Edward Lee Thorndikei. Conclusions of ResearchII. Behaviorisma. John B. Watsoni. PhDii. John Hopkins University iii. APA President iv. Rosalie Raynerv. J. Walter Thompson Advertising Co.Current Lecture I. Behaviorisma. Edward Lee Thorndikei. Conclusions of Research1. Learning Principlesa. Learning is incrementali. If action leads to reward, then action is ‘stamped into the mind’ b. Learning occurs automaticallyi. Learning is same across speciesii. Wanted to generalize research to human child educationiii. (Patient HM: could still learn new information, but could not remember learning it- such as tennis)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. Shows that the individual does not have to be conscious of learning, occurs implicitly c. Learning principles apply to all mammalsi. Very reductionist (break down to same basic elements-all mammals are the same at the core 2. Law of exercisea. Connections are strengthened with practice and weakenedby disuse3. Law of effecta. Frequent reward will strengthen a connection; punishment(annoying) will weaken a connection i. Behavior changes because of consequences 4. 1929 International Congress of Psychology at Yalea. Abandoned Law of Exercisei. Subjects given pen and asked to draw 3 inch line over and over (1,000 trials); two conditions, were either blindfolded (no feedback), or could see (feedback for line drawing) ii. Found that those who did not get feedback (were blindfolded) did not become any more accurateb. Truncated law of effect: Satisfiers strengthen connections but annoyers do not weaken connections 5. Educational Psychology (1913)a. “Babble Luck” theory of language acquisition (gradual shaping via reward)i. the rewarding of using words and sentences is how children learn languageii. criticism: repeat sentences even though not rewarded in past for sentence II. Behaviorism: school of psychology which emphasized the objective study of behaviora. John Broadus Watson (1878-1958)i. PhD from Angell, University of Chicago (1903) 1. Assistant Professor (1904-1908)2. Mary Ickes: student who liked him, she wrote him a poem on her final exam and it worked, they got married3. She was from a very politically connected familyii. Professor at Johns Hopkins University (1908-1920)1. Baldwin: huge scandal, needed replacement2. Editor of Psychological Review3. “Psychology as the Behaviorist views it” (1913)iii. APA President (1914)iv. Rosalie Rayner: graduate student1. Also from a politically connected family 2. At dinner Mary found love letters between Rosalie and Watson in Rosalie’s rooma. Letters were eventually taken and publishedb. Hopkins gives him an ultimatum: Watson leaves and is black listed form academics to be with Rosaliev. J. Walter Thompson Advertising Co.1. More money, becomes vice president2. Rosalie dies3. Applying psychological techniques to advertising 4. Coffee: advertisements about ‘coffee breaks’a. Work hard, need a pick me up, companies liked this ideab. Coffee sales increased a lot: very
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