PSY 401 1st Edition Lecture 13 Outline of Last Lecture I. Skepticisma. Michel Eyguem de Montaignei. Essayii. “Apology for Raymond Sebond”iii. Humanis and Animals iv. PsychologyII. Empiricism a. Francis Baconi. Novum Organumii. Ultimate authority=empirical observationiii. The IdolsOutline of Current LectureI. Empiricism a. Francis Baconi. The Idols1. Idol of the Cave2. Idol of the Tribe3. Idol of the Marketplace4. Idol of the Theatre ii. Science should be practicalb. John Locke i. An Essay concerning human understanding 1. Nativism2. Mind=Tabula RasaThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.3. Simple vs. complex ideasii. Physical vs. psychological world1. Primary qualities2. Secondary qualities iii. Memory1. Forgetting2. State/Context3. “Some Thoughts Concerning Education”a. “hardening exercises”b. RewardCurrent LectureI. Empiricism a. Francis Baconi. The Idols1. Idol of the Theatre a. Bias from accepting authority and dogmai. Can be political, social, etc.ii. Example: when we are sick we feel better when we get a diagnosis from a doctoriii. Example: criticisms of DSM V: people who were ‘authors’ have financial ties to pharmaceutical manufacturing, people argue the DSM has too much of a biological approach because of this ii. Science should be practical (applied science/research)b. John Locke (1632-1704)i. An Essay concerning human understanding (1689)1. Epistemology: how do we know what we think we know2. Exposed to empirical methods early on but then became interested in philosophy 3. Nativism: implies that all humans are born with the same ideasa. Innate knowledge4. Mind-Tabula Rasa (‘blank slate)a. At birth our mind is a blank slate, but through experience we learn (through senses) 5. Simple ideas: reduced elements of thought a. Think of an apple (we picture an apple because we have experienced an apple before)6. Complex ideas: any thought that is a combination of simple thoughts we have previously experienced (simple associations)a. Think of a giant purple apple (we have not experienced this but we can still easily picture it) ii. Physical vs. Psychological World 1. Primary Qualities: attributes of physical objects a. A table is solid, the desk is rectangle and brown2. Secondary Qualities: perceptions caused by physical objectsa. Subjectiveb. Example: eating apple: how its tastes when individual is healthy vs. sickc. Example: how you see color depends on the color surrounding itd. Example: if you turn down the lights the table looks darkeriii. Memory (similar to Aristotle’s idea of wax tablets): sensory impressions that act like inscriptions on a cave wall (lose some original properties)1. Forgetting: ‘erodes’ over time (today this is known as Decay Theory)2. State/context: importance of contexta. What we can remember depends on circumstance (specificenvironment reminds you)b. Example: his friend learned to dance, but when he tried to dance anywhere else than his place he could not remember the steps (shows it applies to motor memory)iv. “Some Thoughts Concerning Education” (1693)1. “hardening exercises”: make child well rounded and tough; exposure to harsh conditions toughens up the child and crafts them into a strong adult2. Example: make them cold at night, cold baths, sleep on wood, poke holes in shoes when it’s rainy3. Reward: opposed to punishment (like Montaigne) a. Child does not know right from wrong because they are born with a ‘blank slate’, therefore punishing them will not helpb. Importance of the
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