PSY 401 1st Edition Lecture 14Outline of Last Lecture I. Empiricism a. Francis Baconi. The Idols1. Idol of the Cave2. Idol of the Tribe3. Idol of the Marketplace4. Idol of the Theatre ii. Science should be practicalb. John Locke i. An Essay concerning human understanding 1. Nativism2. Mind=Tabula Rasa3. Simple vs. complex ideasii. Physical vs. psychological world1. Primary qualities2. Secondary qualities iii. Memory1. ForgettingThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.2. State/Context3. “Some Thoughts Concerning Education”a. “hardening exercises”b. RewardOutline of Current LectureI. Rationalisma. Rene Descartes i. Discourse on Method, Meditations, Passions of the Mindii. Skepticism to reach rationalismiii. On the Mind and Body Problem iv. Emotions II. Early Neuroscience a. Brain and Consciousnessi. Egyptian hieroglyphsii. Pierre Cabanisiii. Theodor BischofCurrent LectureI. Rationalism: knowledge results from reason from an active mind (not just experience); more complex mind, born with innate knowledge, rearranges and interprets sensory informationa. Rene Descartes (1596-1650)i. Discourse on Method, Meditations, Passions of the Mind1. Proved things in math using a deductive method; applied mathematical methods to philosophy2. Argued against Montaigne- we CAN know things for sureii. Skepticism to reach rationalism1. Are you a brain in a vat?: cannot trust senses so you cannot be an empiricist a. Begins to doubt everything, but then has an epiphanyi. There is an entity (his mind) doing the doubting: “I think therefor I am”-humans are defined by their thinkingii. Builds up world around him based on this notioniii. On the Mind and Body Problem 1. Mechanistic perspective: the body is a complex machine, made upof physical properties and can be physically explained without reference to ‘illusory’ qualities (mind)a. Opens research to physiology to see how body works (look at the machine’s parts) 2. Cartesian interactionism: mind and body interacta. Animal spirits: physical property/molecules distilled out through blood and nerves b. Pineal gland: middle of the braini. Thought it was the point of interface between the mind and body ii. Thought it was unique to humans (wrong) iv. Emotions: wonder, love, hatred, desire, joy, sadness 1. 6 core base emotions-every other emotion can be explained by the core six (combinations) 2. Functional-there’s a reason we have each emotion (evolution) 3. Corresponding physical activity in the boy (no clear consensus on relationship) II. Early Neuroscience a. Brain and Consciousnessi. Egyptian hieroglyphs (17th century, BCE)1. List of case studies of individuals with brain damagea. Case and accident b. Description of deficits resultedc. Treatments and prognosis (likelihood they will recover) 2. Relationship between brain and injury and problems in other partsof the body 3. Description of the brain4. 1st written documentation of the brain (Egyptians thought the heart was the center of intellect)ii. Pierre Cabanis (1757-1808)1. (French Revolution time: executions, guillotine) 2. Wasn’t known if they were still conscious or if they could feel pain (eyes twitching)3. Claimed that if you pick up head and blinks they are just reflexes (nervous system), but did not have the data to support this claim iii. Theodor Bischof (1807-1882)1. Wanted to prove Cabanis’s claims using empirical methoda. Tried to evoke reaction from severed headb. Blinks were not in reaction to specific questions: did not correspond with the timing of the
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