PSY 401 1st Edition Lecture 20 Outline of Last Lecture I. Towards the Formal Founding and Structuralism: Psychophysicsa. Gustav Theodor Fechneri. Method of Limitsii. Quantification and experimentation II. Systems/Schools of Psychology a. Structuralismb. Functionalismc. Behaviorismd. Gestalt Psychology e. PsychoanalysisIII. Structuralisma. Goalb. Wilhelm Maximillian Wundt Outline of Current Lecture I. Structuralisma. Edward Bradford Titcheneri. PhDii. Advocated a pure psychologyiii. Authoritativeiv. Elementary Mental Processes v. Introspection vi. “The Experimentalists”vii. Demiseb. Edwin G. Boringi. “History of Experimental Psychology”c. Emil Kraepelini. MDii. Classification of mental disorderCurrent Lecture I. Structuralisma. Edward Bradford Titchener (1867-1927)i. PhD, 1892 (from Wundt)ii. Advocated a pure psychology 1. Cornella. ~=physics, just different perspectiveThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.i. liked to compare psychology to physics (and other established sciences) –said they were examining the same topics from different perspective (instead of looking outward, psychology looks at the internal experience of stimuli)ii. used the word introspectioniii. Authoritative (and a little authoritarian)1. Personalitya. Stern, full of himself, properiv. Elementary Mental Processes (Periodic table)1. Types:a. Senses (make up perception)b. Images (thoughts and memories)c. Affections (emotion elements)2. Attributesa. Quality (most important; redness, saltiness, etc)b. Intensity (how strong; loud high intensity)c. Clearness (distinctiveness; if dim room it’s hard to see the object)d. Duration (how long it lasts for; burned quick, then sustained)3. Association (like Aristotle)a. Interested in the Law of Contiguity (commonly presented together) v. Introspection 1. Method: presented with stimulus (perceiving object) a. Reflected on what they experiencedb. Trying to be objective as possiblec. Training: people studied had training on introspectioni. At least 10,000 trials of practice in order to give reliable data (rigorous) ii. What to pay attention, what to report, how to reportiii. Afterimages: introspection studies on afterimages1. Room with one window, have them dark adapt, then look outside for a few minutes at sky, then shuts window, experience afterimage and report experience/characteristics a. If people trained there is a consistent pattern b. Flight of colors: after 30 second (blue red green darker)- something mechanical about it2. Criticism: told them how to respond inconsistent way, that’s why result were consistent vi. “The Experimentalists”1. Got mad at APA and formed his own group a. Getting too broad, too many categories of psychology (diversity)vii. Demise1. Ignored animal studies, abnormal psychology, personality, learning, developmental, evolutionary theory (he was too narrow)2. Titchener’s refusal of applied psychology b. Edwin G. Boring (1886-1968)- Historyi. Student of Titchenerii. “History of Experimental Psychology” (1929/1950)c. Emil Kraepelin (1856-1926) – Clinical Psychologyi. MD, 1878ii. 1883, classifications of mental disorder1. In order to get diagnosis- track progression of symptoms (different than before him-old way was to give a diagnosis based on a snapshot of their behavior- Kraepelin brought in the idea that the diagnosis may change) 2. Substance dependence a. Interested in effects of drugs (would test by giving the drugs to himself)b. Found that placebos happenc. Found there’s different effects depending on drugs/ type of drugi. Direct effects are different ii. Add alcohol to see if changes happeniii. Physiological consequences vs. “zap out their will”1. Some are more medically dangerous
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