PSY 401 1st Edition Lecture 15 Outline of Last Lecture I. Rationalisma. Rene Descartes i. Discourse on Method, Meditations, Passions of the Mindii. Skepticism to reach rationalismiii. On the Mind and Body Problem iv. Emotions II. Early Neuroscience a. Brain and Consciousnessi. Egyptian hieroglyphsii. Pierre Cabanisiii. Theodor BischofOutline of Current Lecture I. Early Neuroscience: Brain Locationa. Franz Joseph Gall (1758-1828)i. Doctrine of the Human skullii. Faculty Psychologyiii. Johann Spurzheimb. Pierre Flourensi. Ablationii. Action communeCurrent Lecture II. Early Neuroscience: Brain Locationa. Franz Joseph Gall (1758-1828)i. Doctrine of the Human skull1. Collected skulls2. Contours of the skull may be associated with intellectual capacities/traits3. Early development of the brain4. If an individual had a particular strength, the corresponding part of the brain would swell and grow and push up on the skull creating a bumpThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.5. Areas that were weak would shrink and the skull would create a grooveii. Faculty Psychology1. Models of the skull-grid of specific areas for specific functions2. 5: “the carnivorous instinct”, 16: “sense of colours” 3. everything was represented in the cortexiii. Johann Spurzheim (1776-1832)1. Phrenology: “study of the mind”2. Took Gall’s basic ideas3. Ramifications spread sociallya. Paroleb. Education: diferent learning styles based on bumps on the head4. Wanted to make money5. Spurred investigation (localization), “productive false start”a. Phrenology: extreme end of localization6. Placed emphasis on cortex (before no one gave the cortex much thought)a. More than just a protective layer 7. Emphasized importance of the brain for intellect/personality b. Pierre Flourens (1794-1867)~distributed functioni. Ablation: lesion brain regions (not super precise), observed consequences in animals 1. Destroy medulla (brain stem): death a. Basic low level survival functions2. Cerebellum: disturbed motor coordination/equilibrium 3. Destroy cerebral cortex: passivity (doesn’t eat, etc., no cognition, no movement) ii. His research sounds like localization, but is distributed function because he said there were no sub-areas in the cortex/cerebellum not specializediii. Action Commune: brain functions as integrated system towards a common action1. Recovery of function: certain cortical functions recover after injury (healthy areas take over and make up for lost areas)a. Hysterectomy when 5-7: not major impairments, cognitive functions intact i. Brain has major ability to reorganize itself 2. Phineas P. Gage (1823-1860)a. Tamping rod through
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