PSY 401 1st Edition Lecture 22 Outline of Last Lecture I. Structuralisma. Clinical Psychologyi. Emil Kraepelinii. Lightner WitmerII. Evolutionary Theorya. Erasmus Darwinb. Jean-Baptiste Lamarcki. Progressionismii. Transmutation of Speciesc. Charles Darwini. H.M.S. Beagle Outline of Current Lecture I. Evolutionary Theory a. Charles Darwini. H.M.S. Beagleii. Alfred Russell Wallace (1823-1913)iii. “On the Origins of Species by Means of Natural Selection” (1859)iv. “Descent of Man” (1871)Current Lecture II. Evolutionary Theory a. Charles Darwini. H.M.S. Beagle 1. 5 year journey, lots of ecosystems to gather data from to create the theory of natural selection2. Read “Principles of Geology” by Charles Lyella. Uniformitarianism: geological changes are slow process, people do not notice changesb. Catastrophism: major characteristics emerged all of a sudden with catastrophic consequences (what Lyell arguedagainst); single event, brief time, big impacts c. Darwin took away from this: major changes over long period of time that people do not notice right away These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.3. Read “Essay on the Principle of Population” by Thomas Malthusa. Resources grow in a linear fashion, population grows exponentially (geometrically)b. When the population exceeds the resources = point of crisis-population will start dying ofi. Can either increase death rate or decrease birth rateii. No excess of resourcesiii. Darwin took away from this: some ofspring will dieof, what determines which live and die? 4. Galapagos Islands (Fall, 1835)a. Lots of data from a lot of diferent organismsb. Noticed certain characteristics difered across species on the diferent islands ii. Alfred Russell Wallace (1823-1913)1. Contemporary researcher interested in evolution2. Want to amazon to collect research3. Theory: in given population there are more organisms than resources-ones that live have certain characteristics or behavior that are advantageous4. This pushed Darwin to publish his writings iii. “On the Origins of Species by Means of Natural Selection” (1859)1. Surplus of ofspring leads to struggle for survival2. Individual diferences with survival values are passed on to later generations (adaptive traits): slow gradual change, may not notice right away iv. “Descent of Man” (1871)1. Humans as part of animal kingdom (not separate species)2. Continuity of species: relationship between speciesa. Humans difer in quantitative way but not qualitative way b. Looked at traits that were ‘uniquely human’ and showed their presence in animals (emotion, social intelligence, communication, brain
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