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CSU PSY 401 - Philosophical Issues Continued and Early Greek Philosophy and Psychology

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PSY 401 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture I. Philosophical Issues Continueda. Mind-Body Problemi. Dualistic Theories1. Interactionism2. Parallelismii. Free Will vs. Determinism1. Libertarian 2. Determinista. Indeterminismb. FatalismOutline of Current LectureI. Philosophical Issuesa. Free Will vs. Determinismi. Libertarian Viewii. Determinist View1. indeterminism2. Fatalismiii. Libetiv. D. Soon et al. (2008)II. Early Greek Philosophy and Psychology a. Why Greece?b. Themes in Early Greek Thought i. Naturalistic > supernaturalii. Cosmology iii. PhysisThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.c. Thales Current LectureI. Philosophical Issuesa. Free Will vs. Determinismi. Libertarian Viewii. Determinist View1. indeterminism2. Fatalism: the future is fixed, irrespective of our attempts to changeit a. May be able to exert free will, but no matter what you will arrive at same destination (fate) iii. Libet (1983)1. Looked at EEG (high temporal resolution) and muscle movements a. Found that right before the movement was detected, a signal in the brain was fired a second before (one second for action potential to travel down)2. Conducted another study in which the participant was instructed to lift their finger when they felt like it. They used an EEG (measuring readiness potential), EMG (measure movement) and a screen that portrayed a dot moving around in a circle with numbers corresponding to each location (at what location do they decide to lift their finger) a. Found that the participants said they decided to lift their finger 200 milliseconds before their finger actually lifted. Also found that a signal in the brain (readiness potential) was fired 500 milliseconds before the finger was lifted (300milliseconds before the conscious ‘I decided’)iv. D. Soon et al. (2008)1. Used an fMRI, participants were asked to decide when they wanted to push the right or the left buttona. Were able to examine areas of the brain and decoding accuracy b. Found that the prefrontal cortex (frontopolar cortex) can predict with 60% accuracy which choice will be made before conscious decisions is actually madeII. Early Greek Philosophy and Psychology a. Why Greece? (massive boom in philosophical thought) i. Money: because of the location (good for trading), also had a great climate to grow olives so olive oil brought in a lot of wealthii. Democracy: political power was spread out, a lot of people can participate, the money got spread around too iii. Diversity: (relatively) individuals could work their way up the social ranks, new ideas from others cultures were brought in due to the money and olive oil 1. These three things allowed people to have more leisure time because they did not always have to worry about money (more time to think philosophical thoughts) b. Themes in Early Greek Thought i. Naturalistic explanations > supernatural 1. Example: earthquakesii. Cosmology: study of the nature of the universe1. Example: today, Big Bang Theory and String Theory iii. Physis: primary substance in the universe 1. Can boil down/ divide up anything and find the low level physis (reductionism) c. Thales (624-546 BCE)i. First Natural Philosopher in western civilization (at this time ‘philosophy’ was interchangeable with ‘science’)1. Example: there was a battle when all of a sudden it went from daylight to darkness (eclipse), the people fighting all believed the Gods were angered by the fighting so they all quit fighting. However, Thales had predicted this eclipse and had a naturalistic explanation for it ii. Thales believed that the Earth was a giant saucer floating in the sea (cosmic ocean), he believed that earthquakes were caused by agitation tothe saucer rather than Poseidon iii. He believed that Physis=water (anything could be boiled down to water) iv. Made philosophy practical


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CSU PSY 401 - Philosophical Issues Continued and Early Greek Philosophy and Psychology

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