PSY 401 1st Edition Lecture 24 Outline of Last Lecture I Evolutionary Theory a Charles Darwin i Descent of Man ii Expressions of Emotions in Man and Animals iii Biographical Sketch of an Infant II Application of Evolutionary Theory a Leta Stetter Hollingworth i Disproved the Variability Hypothesis ii The Psychology of the Adolescent Outline of Current Lecture I Applications of Evolutionary Theory a Herbert Spencer i Survival of The fittest ii Social Darwinism iii Principles of Psychology 1855 b Francis Galton 1822 1911 i Obsession with counting ii Statistical Inquires into the Effectiveness of Prayer 1872 iii Co relations and their measurements iv Hereditary Genius v Eugenics vi English Men of Science Their Nature and Nurture vii Inquiring into Human Faulty and Its Development viii Word Association Test ix Mental Imagery Current Lecture II Applications of Evolutionary Theory a Herbert Spencer i Survival of The fittest 1 Coined the term for natural evidence 2 Applied his concepts to economics philosophy sociology ii Social Darwinism These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute 1 Have a more deregulated society then society will naturally progress to being the best people being poor would be awful iii Principles of Psychology 1855 1 Used a little in early psychology classes 2 Shaping animals would try hunting tactics and over their lifespan perfect their hunting skills b Francis Galton 1822 1911 i Obsession with counting 1 Like to count everything like the number of fidget or the number of beautiful women in an area Beauty Map 2 Was very smart knew how to talk at 2 3 His interest for numbers influenced his other work ii Statistical Inquires into the Effectiveness of Prayer 1872 1 Is prayer effective usually qualitative but Galton wanted to use quantitative methods 2 He looked at if people who prayed more lived longer lives questionnaire a He found no relationship therefore he concluded prayer was not effective iii Co relations and their measurements correlation 1 Nature nurture genetics is what matter to him 2 Looked at things like height and weight to see if they were hereditary 3 Also looked at IQ being hereditary 4 Regression analysis to the mean data points associated with outliers would gradually have IQs closer to the mean 5 Came up with median and percentile for statistics iv Hereditary Genius 1 Is high intelligence hereditary 2 Found 1 in 4 000 chance of being a genius baseline a Wanted to know if these people have 1st degree relatives found those relatives have 1 in 10 chance of being a genius v Eugenics improvements of living organisms through selective breeding 1 Application for his work 2 health energy manliness courteous disposition vi English Men of Science Their Nature and Nurture 1 First questionnaire in psychology 2 First use of nature and nurture 3 Wanted to know if people have learned or innate interest in their field a Felt it was innate biological however he noticed almost all had pinpointed a specific moments when they were young that had influenced them So he had to acknowledge this little bit of nurture influence vii Inquiring into Human Faculty and Its Development 1 First test battery for twins MZ and DZ 2 Physical and psychological characteristics 3 Examines similarities throughout development a Found fraternal twins start similar then grow apart b Found identical twins start similar then remain similar c Concluded that genetics matter more than anything viii Word Association Test 1 75 stimulus words 2 Does the test himself 3 Reports first word that comes to mind then does it again a few days later 4 He hoped to find an intricate web of words but instead he found he just repeated the same words a He didn t publish the specifics of this work because he was embarrassed by some of the words he came up with ix Mental Imagery 1 Test reports of lots of people 2 Found that theirs is a lot of variability in amount of detail of imagery a Found a normal distribution most around the center
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