1st Edition PSY 401 Lecture 15 Outline of Last Lecture I Rationalism a Rene Descartes i Discourse on Method Meditations Passions of the Mind ii Skepticism to reach rationalism iii On the Mind and Body Problem II iv Emotions Early Neuroscience a Brain and Consciousness i Egyptian hieroglyphs ii Pierre Cabanis iii Theodor Bischof Outline of Current Lecture I Early Neuroscience Brain Location a Franz Joseph Gall 1758 1828 i Doctrine of the Human skull ii Faculty Psychology iii Johann Spurzheim b Pierre Flourens i Ablation ii Action commune Current Lecture II Early Neuroscience Brain Location a Franz Joseph Gall 1758 1828 i Doctrine of the Human skull 1 Collected skulls 2 Contours of the skull may be associated with intellectual capacities traits 3 Early development of the brain 4 If an individual had a particular strength the corresponding part of the brain would swell and grow and push up on the skull creating a bump These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute 5 Areas that were weak would shrink and the skull would create a groove ii Faculty Psychology 1 Models of the skull grid of specific areas for specific functions 2 5 the carnivorous instinct 16 sense of colours 3 everything was represented in the cortex iii Johann Spurzheim 1776 1832 1 Phrenology study of the mind 2 Took Gall s basic ideas 3 Ramifications spread socially a Parole b Education diferent learning styles based on bumps on the head 4 Wanted to make money 5 Spurred investigation localization productive false start a Phrenology extreme end of localization 6 Placed emphasis on cortex before no one gave the cortex much thought a More than just a protective layer 7 Emphasized importance of the brain for intellect personality b Pierre Flourens 1794 1867 distributed function i Ablation lesion brain regions not super precise observed consequences in animals 1 Destroy medulla brain stem death a Basic low level survival functions 2 Cerebellum disturbed motor coordination equilibrium 3 Destroy cerebral cortex passivity doesn t eat etc no cognition no movement ii His research sounds like localization but is distributed function because he said there were no sub areas in the cortex cerebellum not specialized iii Action Commune brain functions as integrated system towards a common action 1 Recovery of function certain cortical functions recover after injury healthy areas take over and make up for lost areas a Hysterectomy when 5 7 not major impairments cognitive functions intact i Brain has major ability to reorganize itself 2 Phineas P Gage 1823 1860 a Tamping rod through brain
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