PSY 401 1st Edition Lecture 13 Outline of Last Lecture I Skepticism a Michel Eyguem de Montaigne i Essay ii Apology for Raymond Sebond iii Humanis and Animals iv Psychology II Empiricism a Francis Bacon i Novum Organum ii Ultimate authority empirical observation iii The Idols Outline of Current Lecture I Empiricism a Francis Bacon i The Idols 1 Idol of the Cave 2 Idol of the Tribe 3 Idol of the Marketplace 4 Idol of the Theatre ii Science should be practical b John Locke i An Essay concerning human understanding 1 Nativism 2 Mind Tabula Rasa These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute 3 Simple vs complex ideas ii Physical vs psychological world 1 Primary qualities 2 Secondary qualities iii Memory 1 Forgetting 2 State Context 3 Some Thoughts Concerning Education a hardening exercises b Reward Current Lecture I Empiricism a Francis Bacon i The Idols 1 Idol of the Theatre a Bias from accepting authority and dogma i Can be political social etc ii Example when we are sick we feel better when we get a diagnosis from a doctor iii Example criticisms of DSM V people who were authors have financial ties to pharmaceutical manufacturing people argue the DSM has too much of a biological approach because of this ii Science should be practical applied science research b John Locke 1632 1704 i An Essay concerning human understanding 1689 1 Epistemology how do we know what we think we know 2 Exposed to empirical methods early on but then became interested in philosophy 3 Nativism implies that all humans are born with the same ideas a Innate knowledge 4 Mind Tabula Rasa blank slate a At birth our mind is a blank slate but through experience we learn through senses 5 Simple ideas reduced elements of thought a Think of an apple we picture an apple because we have experienced an apple before 6 Complex ideas any thought that is a combination of simple thoughts we have previously experienced simple associations a Think of a giant purple apple we have not experienced this but we can still easily picture it ii Physical vs Psychological World 1 Primary Qualities attributes of physical objects a A table is solid the desk is rectangle and brown 2 Secondary Qualities perceptions caused by physical objects a Subjective b Example eating apple how its tastes when individual is healthy vs sick c Example how you see color depends on the color surrounding it d Example if you turn down the lights the table looks darker iii Memory similar to Aristotle s idea of wax tablets sensory impressions that act like inscriptions on a cave wall lose some original properties 1 Forgetting erodes over time today this is known as Decay Theory 2 State context importance of context a What we can remember depends on circumstance specific environment reminds you b Example his friend learned to dance but when he tried to dance anywhere else than his place he could not remember the steps shows it applies to motor memory iv Some Thoughts Concerning Education 1693 1 hardening exercises make child well rounded and tough exposure to harsh conditions toughens up the child and crafts them into a strong adult 2 Example make them cold at night cold baths sleep on wood poke holes in shoes when it s rainy 3 Reward opposed to punishment like Montaigne a Child does not know right from wrong because they are born with a blank slate therefore punishing them will not help b Importance of the environment
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