PSY 401 1st Edition Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture I Early Greek Philosophy and Psychology a Democritus b Hippocrates Outline of Current Lecture I Early Greek Philosophy The Golden Age of Greek Philosophy a Sophists b Socrates c Plato d Aristotle Current Lecture I Early Greek Philosophy The Golden Age of Greek Philosophy a Sophists i Professional Teachers got paid had advisory capacities 1 People were ambitious and wanted political positioning so they needed advisement from professional teachers ii Rhetoric how to argue successfully for political power iii Relativistic no right or wrong you just do what is advantageous to you you can kill in order to obtain power if you can get away with it b Socrates 470 399BCE i Disagreed with the sophists 1 He was unkept and believed one should do what is morally right was also egalitarian about who he talked with delinquents women ii Inductive definition study of a concept through examination of shared individual examples 1 Look at things like beauty and just and ask people to define them had them come up with examples then extract common themes iii Goal in Life gain knowledge for the sake of knowledge morality iv Was put in jail and sentenced to death c Plato 427 347 BCE i The Academy 386 BCE These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute 1 Early university ii Forms pure ideas exist only in abstract 1 External world is a cheap copy of the universe of forms 2 Our perception isn t the same as what is actually out there apparent motion cannot use our senses a Example we see basketball as round and orange but these properties are copies of true ideal properties of the platonic world pure form it is not a perfect copy 3 Allegory of the cave people born in a cave facing a wall for their entire life their entire universe is shadows reflected on the wall a man comes along and uses puppets to create shadows that the people in the cave think it real they are erroneous ideas a What we perceive isn t what is truly there data in the natural world is erroneous d Aristotle 384 322 BCE i Lyceum 344 BCE 1 University Plato s academy 1st ii De Anima on the Psyche 1 The first psychology like text book included history as well iii Empiricism knowledge requires experience 1 Why do certain things in the environment have certain characteristics how do they fit in the environment iv Hierarchy of the Psyche mind 1 Vegetative psyche low level processing automatic a Photosynthesis breathing hearbeat 2 Sensitive Psyche sensation and perception get information and react to it a Example venus fly trap 3 Rational Psyche reserved for humans higher level thinking a Sensory Information early development b Passive Reason a little older i Common sense basic ability to infer cause and effect c Active Reason higher level thinking adolescence and later i Abstract reasoning and problem solving v Memory 1 Extension of perception wax stamps tablet analogy of how we store information a Pull of tablet and see data impressed on it as you get older tablet isn t as good and stored ones fade over time 2 Remembering do not have to consciously think about it a Example where you are going becomes automatic doesn t require cognition 3 Recall unique to humans a Active requires cognition b Example test taking vi Assocationism mental phenomena are formed by laws of association 1 Laws of a Similarity contrast contiguity associate things that happened close in time frequency vii Dreams previously though at visions of the future or messages from the Gods 1 Saw them as reactivations revisiting the day of sensory information received during that day 2 Modern day research Rat in a maze learns the maze then sleep and is connected to EEG a Found that if you disrupt their REM they perform worse than if you let them sleep b Shows that they were replaying neural activity from earlier in the day viii Legacy 1 First prominent of scientific method collecting data 2 Early physiological psychology
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