PSY 401 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture I Philosophical Issues Continued a Mind Body Problem i Dualistic Theories 1 Interactionism 2 Parallelism ii Free Will vs Determinism 1 Libertarian 2 Determinist a Indeterminism b Fatalism Outline of Current Lecture I Philosophical Issues a Free Will vs Determinism i Libertarian View ii Determinist View 1 indeterminism 2 Fatalism iii Libet iv D Soon et al 2008 II Early Greek Philosophy and Psychology a Why Greece b Themes in Early Greek Thought i Naturalistic supernatural ii Cosmology iii Physis These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute c Thales Current Lecture I II Philosophical Issues a Free Will vs Determinism i Libertarian View ii Determinist View 1 indeterminism 2 Fatalism the future is fixed irrespective of our attempts to change it a May be able to exert free will but no matter what you will arrive at same destination fate iii Libet 1983 1 Looked at EEG high temporal resolution and muscle movements a Found that right before the movement was detected a signal in the brain was fired a second before one second for action potential to travel down 2 Conducted another study in which the participant was instructed to lift their finger when they felt like it They used an EEG measuring readiness potential EMG measure movement and a screen that portrayed a dot moving around in a circle with numbers corresponding to each location at what location do they decide to lift their finger a Found that the participants said they decided to lift their finger 200 milliseconds before their finger actually lifted Also found that a signal in the brain readiness potential was fired 500 milliseconds before the finger was lifted 300 milliseconds before the conscious I decided iv D Soon et al 2008 1 Used an fMRI participants were asked to decide when they wanted to push the right or the left button a Were able to examine areas of the brain and decoding accuracy b Found that the prefrontal cortex frontopolar cortex can predict with 60 accuracy which choice will be made before conscious decisions is actually made Early Greek Philosophy and Psychology a Why Greece massive boom in philosophical thought i Money because of the location good for trading also had a great climate to grow olives so olive oil brought in a lot of wealth ii Democracy political power was spread out a lot of people can participate the money got spread around too iii Diversity relatively individuals could work their way up the social ranks new ideas from others cultures were brought in due to the money and olive oil 1 These three things allowed people to have more leisure time because they did not always have to worry about money more time to think philosophical thoughts b Themes in Early Greek Thought i Naturalistic explanations supernatural 1 Example earthquakes ii Cosmology study of the nature of the universe 1 Example today Big Bang Theory and String Theory iii Physis primary substance in the universe 1 Can boil down divide up anything and find the low level physis reductionism c Thales 624 546 BCE i First Natural Philosopher in western civilization at this time philosophy was interchangeable with science 1 Example there was a battle when all of a sudden it went from daylight to darkness eclipse the people fighting all believed the Gods were angered by the fighting so they all quit fighting However Thales had predicted this eclipse and had a naturalistic explanation for it ii Thales believed that the Earth was a giant saucer floating in the sea cosmic ocean he believed that earthquakes were caused by agitation to the saucer rather than Poseidon iii He believed that Physis water anything could be boiled down to water iv Made philosophy practical applied
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