PSY 401 1st Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture I Discussion of the Syllabus and Introduction of the Professor Outline of Current Lecture I Issues in Historical Study a Why study the history of psychology i Coherent narrative ii Context iii Progress iv Avoid Pitfalls b Historiography c Historicism vs Presentism d Primary and Secondary Sources e Internal vs External Historiography II Philosophies of History a Great Person Orientation vs Zeitgeist Orientation b Theories of Historical Development i Cyclical Theory Current Lecture I Issues in Historical Study a History systematic study of the record of human past case studies of the individual b Why study the history of Psychology i Coherent narrative psychology is a new discipline we look at others areas that brought about the motivation to begin psychology 1 Is now fragmented and disconnected areas but used to be much more unified ii Context retain the information better if you have context because you can get a better understanding of the ideas 1 Example if you list the vague steps of doing laundry without telling the reader the steps are referring to laundry it is difficult to understand what topic the passage is discussing it is also harder to follow the steps without the information that it is for doing laundry These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute II iii Progress do not repeat exact research iv Avoid Pitfalls do not repeat mistakes of the past 1 Example Bible in which they made a small typo but make a big difference shalt instead of shalt not 2 Example NASA satellite that made a calculation error that cost millions of dollars forgot to convert meters and yards c Historiography method of history based on examination of relevant sources i Decisions to make to study something ii Have to rely on documentation reliable sources d Historicism vs Presentism i Historicism objective analysis of human past for its own sake 1 Avoid being swayed by morals 2 Why something happened with no regard to morality a Example Milgram studies ii Presentism interpretive study of past events 1 Cannot set aside bias embrace subjectivity 2 We like to think our beliefs are study and continuous but they are really not e Sources i Primary written by subject 1 Not always better because it can be hard to understand what they are saying a Example it is easier to read a textbook discussing Aristotle s ideas rather than read his work directly ii Secondary someone else wrote the material f Internal vs External Historiography i Internal detailed account of discipline from the inside 1 How something developed from own discipline a Example Literature Review for a paper ii External Historical study from the outside 1 Example Since people like pictures of brains etc the popularity of cognitive neuroscience grew why it is so important and why it is interesting Philosophies of History a Great Person Orientation vs Zeitgeist Orientation i Great Person Orientation history shaped by ideas action of brilliant people 1 Things happen because great people cause change 2 Can be positive or negative Lincoln vs Hitler 3 This is a popular view is consistent with religious ideas ii Zeitgeist Orientation history is shaped by broad impersonal forces 1 spirit of the times 2 Example events would take place because of the culture art science etc 3 Example according to this view the Holocaust would still have occurred even if Hitler did not exist 4 Example argument that beer played a large role in social class development This class uses a combination of both approaches b Theories of Historical Development i Cyclical Theory History as an endless process of repetition 1 history repeats itself 2 Can see this in supernatural explanations and introspection
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