1Lab starts this week—NS 017Bring lab manual to labBring lab manual to labDo Prelab 1 before you go! Ancient civilizations believed that Earth was at the center of the universe—GEOCENTRIC MODEL Age of Reason beginning to recognize Sun is center of Solar System—HELIOCENTRIC MODEL Age of Technology exploring wide reaches of the universe 5thcentury B.C. Moon is a sphere lighted by Sun•http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Anaxagoras.html 4thcentury BC Earth is a sphere•http://www.hao.ucar.edu/public/education/sp/images/aristotle.html 3rdcentury BC Mathemetician Placed Sun at center with Earth orbiting itwith Earth orbiting it•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratosthenes#Measurement_of_the_Earth 2ndcentury AD Copies of works survive to this dayTltd t Translated to Arabic early, to Latin in 13thcentury•http://archive.ncsa.uiuc.edu/SDG/Experimental/vatican.exhibit/exhibit/full-images/d-mathematics/math21.gif Mars usually moves across sky west to east Occasionally appears to move east to west Occurs when Earth is ‘passing’ Mars2 Thought Earth was the unmoving center Translated into Latin in 13thcentury Influenced intellectual thought for centuries Earth would fly apart if it rotated on an axis Moon would be left behind if Earth orbited Sun Since God created Earth and Sun and all the heavenly bodies, Earth is the center of the heavenly bodies, Earth is the center of the universe Earth rotates on an axis, instead of everything orbiting Earth Earth orbits Sun like the planets, so it a planet too “On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres”, 1543http://www.hao.ucar.edu/public/education/sp/images/copernicus.html Detailed observations of movement of planetshttp://www.hao.ucar.edu/public/education/sp/images/tycho.html His careful observations and records are his most important legacyhttp://www.hao.ucar.edu/public/education/sp/images/tycho.3.htmlhttp://www.hao.ucar.edu/public/education/sp/images/tycho.1.html http://www.hao.ucar.edu/public/education/sp/images/tycho.2.html3 Discounted Copernicus model because he could not discern stellar parallax It does exist, he didn’t have tools to see ithttp://www.hao.ucar.edu/public/education/sp/images/tycho.4.html Tycho’s assistant and successor Used Tycho’s data to determine planetary determine planetary orbits are ellipticalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Johannes_Kepler.jpg Orbit of planet is ellipse Sun at one Focus Equal areas in equal time intervals accounts for the uneven speeds p2=d3p=Period (time to orbit Sun) in Earth yearsd=Distance in Astronomical Units: 1 A.U.=distance from Earth to Sun Strong supporter of Copernican model of planetary movement Built 30x telescopes u lt 30 telescopes (from descriptions of the devices) and looked at planets and Moon starting in 1609http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Galilei#Technology Telescope used to see that another body in solar system is a center of orbital movement These moons are not left behind, and Earth’s Moon is not either4 When viewed by telescope, planets look like discs, not points of light as stars do Jupiter has moonsVenus has phasesVenus has phases Moon’s surface has texture Sun rotates on an axis Explained the orbital motion of planets as the interaction of inertia and gravity Invented the calculus to simplify his calculations of motion Sun is at the center of the solar system Published by Copernicus Supported by Galileo’s telescopic observations of Jupiter and Venus Kepler determined orbits are ellipses Newton determined orbits created by interaction of inertia and gravity 1851 Supports that Earth does rotate on its axis—Copernicus’
View Full Document
Unlocking...