OUTER PLANETSOUTER PLANETSMINOR MEMBERS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEMSUNJupiter Jp(Earth for Scale)Jupiter’s bands are cloudsHubble view Hubble view of Jupiter Arrow shows entry point of Galileo probe, pDec. 1995•http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/hstimages.htmlhttp://www.solarviews.com/raw/jup/vjupitr5.mpgpjpgg gLink to rotating view of JupiterGalilean moonsGalilean moons• http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00743Io True color on top Enhanced color on bottom Surface covered with calderas (like Crater calderas (like Crater Lake…without the water!)• http://www.nineplanets.org/io.htmlVolcanic Plume on IoEuropaEuropa• http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00746GanymedeyCallisto• http://www.solarviews.com/cap/jup/callist1.htmFour Inner moons of JupiterFour Inner moons of JupiterMetis Adrastea Amalthea Thebe• http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/ganymede/PIA01076.htmlMetis, Adrastea, Amalthea, Thebe Amalthea is 247 km across Photos by Galileo probe, 1996-97Jupiter’s outermost ringJupiters outermost ringDiscovered by Voyager I• http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/callisto/p48188.htmlDiscovered by Voyager I This photo by Galileo space probe--November 9, 19961996SaturnSaturn Voyager I, II went there in 1980, 81This photo by Cassini in 2004• http://www.nineplanets.org/saturn.html• http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/overview/index.cfmThis photo by Cassini in 2004True-color image of S’ iSaturn’s rings• http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/multimedia/images/image-details.cfm?path=../multimedia/images/rings/images/PIA05421.jpg&type=imageSaturnSaturnSaturn and some of its moonsTitan• http://ciclops.lpl.arizona.edu/view.php?id=575River system on TitanRiver system on Titan• http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/Cassini-Huygens/SEMHB881Y3E_1.htmlEnceladus• http://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/captions/saturn/encelads.htmUranusUranus (by Hubble)(y )• http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/1996/15/image/aNeptunepMinor Members of Solar SystemMinor Members of Solar SystemAsteroids Meteoroids CometsKi Bl ObjKuiper Belt Objects Dwarf Planets“Planet”Planet Orbits SunNot a satelliteNot a satellite Dominates its orbital path“Dwarf Planet”Dwarf Planet is in orbit around Sun has sufficient mass for its selfgravity to pull has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to pull itself into near-spherical shape has not cleared the neighborhood around its orbit is not a satellitePluto and CharonPluto and CharonHST image• http://www.solarviews.com/cap/pluto/pluto3.htmPluto and CharonPluto does not dominate its orbitPluto does not dominate its orbit Pluto is the first discovered Ki Bl ObjKuiper Belt Objectà “Plutonian objects” of which it is the original example Pluto’s moon is CharonOrbits of outer planetsOrbits of outer planets Notice Pluto is sometimes closer to Sun than Neptune p• http://www.nineplanets.org/plutodyn.htmlInclination of Planetary orbitsInclination of Planetary orbits Notice Pluto’s large inclination to Sun’s equatorgq• http://www.nineplanets.org/plutodyn.htmlKuiper Belt Donut shaped area containing numerous icy bodies of various sizesbodies of various sizes Eris is the largest discovered Pluto and Charon are someTriton moon of Saturn is likely one that was Tr i t o n, moon of Saturn, is likely one that was captured by Saturn’s gravityOii f h bi S i Origin of numerous comets that orbit Sun in periods less than 200 years A division of Trans-Neptunian ObjectsEris Kuiper Belt Object Larger than Plutog Discovered in 2003http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)Eris (2003 UB 313)http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/planetlila/#sizeOrbit of Orcus (2004 DW)KiBl ObjKuiperBelt Object• http://www.gps.caltech.edu/%7Echad/2004dw/In redCompare to pPluto in blackblackInclination of Orbit of OrcusInclination of Orbit of OrcusPl dN Pluto in redNeptune in gray Orcus in blue wikipedia, Orcus-transNeptunian object, 2008-1013Tr an s - Neptunian ObjectspjEarth for scalewikipedia, Orcus-transNeptunian object, 2008-1013Earth for scalewikipedia, OrcustransNeptunian object, 20081013 More Info: http://solarsystem nasa gov/planets/profile cfm?Object=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=KBOs&Display=OverviewLongTNOsOrbits of Makemake (blue), Haumea (green), contrasted with the orbit of Pluto (red) and the ecliptic (grey). The perihelia(q)[3]and the aphelia(Q) are marked () p(gy)p(q)p()with the dates of passage. The positions on April 2006 are marked with the spheres illustrating relative sizes and differences in albedo and colour.Dwarf planetsDwarf planets Large Kuiper Belt ObjectsàPlutoàPlutoà ErisMk kàMakemakeà Haumea The asteroid CeresOther KBOs likely to be discovered that are Other KBOs likely to be discovered that are also dwarf planetsCeres compositionCeres composition• http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/050907_ceres_planet.htmlAsteroidsAsteroidsGasprapAsteroidsAsteroidsIda, Gaspra, Deimos, Phobos • http://www.nineplanets.org/asteroids.htmlDetail of CometDetail of CometHale BoppHale BoppMeteorsMeteors• http://www.jplnet.com/img2002/meteor.jpg• http://www.dmsweb.org/Major Impact StructuresMajor Impact StructuresMeteor Crater ArizonaMeteor Crater, Arizona• http://www.xtec.es/recursos/astronom/craters/METEOR.jpgManicouagan, QuebecShoemakerLevy 9Shoemaker-Levy 9• http://www.nineplanets.org/sl9.htmlSL9 scar on JupiterSL9 scar on Jupiter•http://nssdc gsfc nasa gov/planetary/sl9/image/sl9g hst5 gif•http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/sl9/image/sl9g_hst5.gifElectromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic SpectrumSpectrumSpectrumContinuous SpectrumContinuous Spectrum From glowing gas under pressure Like the interior of SunDark Line SpectrumDark Line Spectrum White light passing through cold, low pressure gas Gas absorbs its elemental wavelength signatureggBright Line SpectrumBright Line SpectrumIncandescent hot gas emits its elemental Incandescent hot gas emits its elemental wavelength signature3 types of spectra3 types of spectraSunSunPhoto of Sun’s granular surfacePhoto of Suns granular surfaceDetail of SunspotDetail of SunspotGroup of SunspotsppSunspot Variation over timeSunspot Variation over timeSpicules of the ChromosphereSpicules of the ChromosphereSolar CoronaSolar CoronaSolar wind blows comet tailsSolar wind blows comet
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