Write your name here: ________KEY______________________________________________ This assignment is due in Thursday October 13. It will be excellent study material for the midterm exam. 1. On the section of Earth below, draw in the divisions of the interior of Earth that includes the core, mantle and crust. Include information about the properties and composition of the zones, as well as their thicknesses. Crust: 7 to 50 km thick Mantle: 2900 km thick Upper mantle: 660 km thick Lower mantle: 2240 km thick Outer core 2200 km Inner thick core: 1220 km Crust: high silica shell of Earth, bound to rigid upper mantle as lithosphere Mantle: lower silica inner shell of Earth divided into zones: uppermost rigid is bound to crust as lithosphere Asthenosphere: mobile upper mantle below lithosphere Lower mantle: solid, high density rock Core: two zones Outer: liquid iron and nickel Inner: solid iron and nickel 2. Label the diagram below with the letters of these locations. If there is no place with this orientation, leave that letter off of the diagram. (Line position was fixed from printed error) A. Sun rays are directly overhead on December 21. B. Sun rays are directly overhead on March 21. C. Sun rays are directly overhead on September 22. D. Location of the Tropic of Cancer. E. Location of the Arctic Circle. AB, C DE3. Describe the events of the formation of our solar system. Nebular Hypothesis: enormous cloud of (mostly hydrogen) gases and dust began swirling and contracting. Contraction resulted in heat in inner parts, and edges remained cool. Central area began fusion of hydrogen into helium: Sun. Inner hot area kept volatiles in gas form; solids of rock and metal accreted into small rocky inner planets. Outer cool area allowed volatiles to become ices, accreted into large bodies capable of attracting large amounts of gases including hydrogen, helium, nitrogen. Became the outer gas giant planets. Small amount of remaining material continues to exist in asteroid belt, Kuiper Belt and perhaps the Oort Cloud. 4. What is a comet made of, and what causes it to appear the way it does? Composed of icy material and rock dust. Has highly elliptical orbit, from beyond Neptune to inner solar system. Ices hold dust until it gets near Sun on its orbit. Near Sun, ices volatilize, and become gases. This allows dust to be freed from comet, and become a dust tail. Gases become a tail also, and are ionized in the solar wind: a charged flow from Sun. Both tails stream directly away from Sun, as they are blown by the solar wind, not streaming behind the path of the comet. 5. Draw a pizza slice of our solar system from Sun to the outer edge Try to generally represent spacing between the parts. Label Sun, the planet names, the asteroid belt and the Kuiper Belt. Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune Asteroid Belt Kuiper Belt Note it has some scaling of distance and sizes: attempt to represent scale was credited, no attempt lost
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