The Solar SystemNebular Hypothesis of Solar System Formation.Solar SystemPlanets drawn to scaleComposition of planetsTypes of planetsRayed CraterMercuryMariner 10VenusVenus CloudsVenus surface featuresVenus surface featuresVenera 9 PhotosMarsMars South Polar Ice-capSchiaparelli CraterVolcanoes on LeftClouds over peaksOlympus MonsValles MarinerisWater Features on MarsEvidence of water seeps on Mars?View from Viking LanderView from Viking LanderView from Sojourner LanderPhobos, by VikingJupiter (Earth for Scale)Jupiter’s cloud beltsHubble view of JupiterGalilean moonsIoVolcanic Plume on IoEuropaGanymedeCallistoFour Inner moons of JupiterJupiter’s outermost ringSaturnTrue-color image of Saturn’s ringsSaturnSaturn and some of its moonsTitanRiver system on TitanEnceladusUranusUranus (by Hubble)NeptuneThe Solar SystemNebular Hypothesis of Solar System Formation.Solar SystemPlanets drawn to scale• Distances not to scale• Earth approximately 12,800 km diameter• Earth is about 150,000,000 km from SunComposition of planets• Rocky material– Silicate minerals– Metal compounds—mostly iron• Ices—note the ‘s’– Ammonia, methane, carbon dioxide, water• Gases– Predominantly hydrogen and heliumTypes of planets• Terrestrial planets– Mostly silica and metallic compounds– Very little amount of gases and ices• Jovian planets—‘like Jupiter’– Lots of gases and ices– Substantial amounts of rocky material in their core—silica and metalRayed Craterhttp://cnr2.kent.edu/~manley/copernicus_crater_area.jpgMercuryhttp://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/nineplanets/nineplanets/mercury.htmlMariner 10• 1973 launch• Venus and Mercury in 1974http://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/captions/mar10/m1004.htmVenushttp://www.solarviews.com/raw/venus/venusvis.gifVenus Clouds• Ultraviolet light photographhttp://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/nineplanets/nineplanets/gif/Venus.jpgVenus surface features• Magellan radar image mosaicVenus surface features• False color Magellan mosaichttp://www.solarviews.com/browse/venus/venus1.jpgVenera 9 Photoshttp://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/image/planetary/venus/venera9-10.jpgMars• Photo by Hubblehttp://hubblesite.org/newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/1995/16/image/bMars South Polar Ice-caphttp://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/captions/mars/marssp.htmSchiaparelli Crater• 461 km diameter•CO2frost at lower right• Mosaic from Vikinghttp://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/captions/mars/schiap.htmVolcanoes on Lefthttp://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/captions/mars/valmar.htmClouds over peaks• Mosaic by Mars Global Surveyor MOChttp://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/captions/mars/global.htmOlympus Mons• 624 km diameter• 25 km highhttp://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/captions/mars/olympus.htmValles Marinerishttp://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/captions/mars/valmar.htmWater Features on Marshttp://www.solarviews.com/raw/mars/network.gifEvidence of water seeps on Mars?http://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/captions/mars/water.htmView from Viking Landerhttp://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/captions/mars/vlfmos21.htmView from Viking Landerhttp://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/captions/mars/vlpan22.htmView from Sojourner LanderPhobos, by Viking• Deimoshttp://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/captions/mars/phobos.htmJupiter (Earth for Scale)Jupiter’s cloud beltsHubble view of Jupiter• Arrow shows entry point of Galileo probe, Dec. 1995http://www.solarviews.com/raw/jup/vjupitr5.mpg• http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/hstimages.htmlLink to rotating view of JupiterGalilean moons• http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00743Io• True color on top• Enhanced color on bottom• Surface covered with calderas (like Crater Lake…without the water!)• http://www.nineplanets.org/io.htmlVolcanic Plume on IoEuropa• http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00746GanymedeCallisto• http://www.solarviews.com/cap/jup/callist1.htmFour Inner moons of Jupiter• Metis, Adrastea, Amalthea, Thebe• Amalthea is 247 km across• Photos by Galileo probe, 1996-97• http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/ganymede/PIA01076.htmlJupiter’s outermost ring• Discovered by Voyager I• This photo by Galileo space probe--November 9, 1996• http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/callisto/p48188.htmlSaturn• Voyager I, II went there in 1980, 81• This photo by Cassini in 2004• http://www.nineplanets.org/saturn.html• http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/overview/index.cfmTrue-color image of Saturn’s rings• http://satur ils.cfm?path=../multimedia/images/rings/images/PIA05421.jpg&type=imagen.jpl.nasa.gov/multimedia/images/image-detaSaturnSaturn and some of its moonsTitan• http://ciclops.lpl.arizona.edu/view.php?id=575River system on Titan• http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/Cassini-Huygens/SEMHB881Y3E_1.htmlEnceladus• http://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/captions/saturn/encelads.htmUranusUranus (by Hubble)•
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