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WOU ES 104 - Minerals

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Time to see your advisoradvisor Registration November 16-20http://www.myspace.com/over60agelesslady5 points Extra Credit5 points Extra CreditS i thi k i NS 103Seminar this week in NS 103 Wednesday November 11, noon to 1 Attend, write a ½ to 1 page content and reflection paper describing the presentation pp g pand how it relates to our environment, this class, your life, etc.y Due by Noon Friday November 13 by email attachment to [email protected], @,or handwritten in your next lecture class after the seminar (Nov 11 or 12) ()MINERALSMineralMineral Naturally occurringInorganicInorganic Solid Regularly repeating internal arrangement of atomsof atoms Definite chemical compositionRk b dfi l d/Rocks may be composed of minerals and/or other materialPeriodic tablePeriodic tableAtomic structureAtomic structureATOM FEATURESATOM FEATURES Nucleus contains both protons and neutronsneutrons Each atom of an element has the same number of protons in the nucleusnumber of protons in the nucleus Different atoms of the same element may have different numbers of neutrons in thehave different numbers of neutrons in the nucleusThese differingneutron atoms are calledThese differing-neutron atoms are called isotopesShells of electronsShells of electronsELECTRON FEATURESELECTRON FEATURES Electrons occur in a cloud around nucleusMore likely to occur at certain distancesMore likely to occur at certain distances and with a certain amount of energy than ith lth h llin other places—the energy shells Inner shells fill before outer shells are createdFull shells more stable than partial shellsFull shells more stable than partial shellsPERIODIC TABLE Arranged from lowest atomic number to hi h f l f i h f bhighest, from left to right, from top to bottom Each row corresponds to an energy level (electron shell) Each column contains elements with similar ac co u co ta s e e e ts t s aproperties, which repeat on a regular (or periodic) basispe od c) bas s These similar properties are a result of the same number of electrons in the outermost shellnumber of electrons in the outermost shellPeriodic tablePeriodic tableIonic bondingIonic bonding Result of stability of filled outer shells of electronselectrons Sodium apt to lose its lone outer electron Chlorine apt to fill its nearly-full outer shellNucleus of atomNucleus of atom1. All except 2.2.Contains the electrons2.Contains the electrons3. Contains the neutrons4Ctith t4.Contains the protons5. Is responsible for most of pthe mass of the atom0%0%0%0%0%12345ElectronsElectrons1. All of these2. Are a function of the periodic ptable3.Are very low mass compared3.Are very low mass compared to protons and neutrons4Don’t participate in atomic4.Don t participate in atomic bonding5Have a neutral charge0%0%0%0%0%5.Have a neutral charge12345MineralMineral1. All of these2.Dietary supplement2.Dietary supplement3. Made of rock4Nt l tlli4.Natural crystalline compound5. Same as element0%0%0%0%0%12345Elemental Abundance in CrustElemental Abundance in CrustSilica tetrahedronIsolated and chain SilicateIsolated and chain Silicate StructureOlivine crystalOlivine crystalHornblendeHornblendeSheet silicate structureSheet silicate structureCleavage—micaCleavage—micaFramework silicate structureFramework silicate structurePotassium FeldsparPotassium Feldsparhttp://www.pitt.edu/~cejones/GeoImages/1Minerals/1IgneousMineralz/Feldspars.htmlQuartz: conchoidalandirregularand irregularfracturehttp://www.pitt.edu/~cejones/GeoImages/1Minerals/1IgneousMineralz/Quartz.htmlIMPORTANT MINERALIMPORTANT MINERAL PROPERTIES LUSTER: all minerals have it CRYSTAL FORM: some show it  STREAK: color may be whiteoo ayb COLOR: may be diagnosticQuartz crystalsQuartz crystalsPyrite crystalsPyrite crystalsPyritohedrons Five sided facesTfTen faces Often striated• http://www.minerals.net/mineral/sulfides/pyrite/pyrite2.htm• http://www.dorlingkindersley-uk.co.uk/nf/ClipArt/Image/0,,239020_1581737_,00.htmlHornblendeHornblendeFluorite crystalsFluorite crystalsstreakstreakColor may not help to identify mineral These are all quartzhttp://www.pitt.edu/~cejones/GeoImages/1Minerals/1IgneousMineralz/Quartz.htmlColor may not http://minerals.caltech.edu/Silica_Polymorphs/index.htmlhelp to identify mineralmineralhttp://www.palagems.com/mineral_news_2008_v1.htmhttp://khubert.blogspot.com/2006/01/pink-halite.htmlhttp://www.statesymbolsusa.org/Colorado/mineral_Rhodochrosite.htmlColor may be diagnosticColor may be diagnostichttp://geology.csupomona.edu/alert/mineral/color.htmCopperCopperNonsilicate—bornite copper oreNonsilicate—bornite copper oreIMPORTANT MINERALIMPORTANT MINERAL PROPERTIES HARDNESS: compare to common itemsCLEAVAGE: planes of internal weaknessCLEAVAGE: planes of internal weakness FRACTURESPECIFIC GRAVITY d it h ftSPECIFIC GRAVITY: density, heft “OTHER” PROPERTIESà MAGNETISM, TASTE, SMELLà FIZZ IN Hydrochloric ACID DILUTE, HEATED, IF MINERAL IS POWDEREDà DOUBLE REFRACTIONHardnessHardness1Tl6Othl1.Talc2. Gypsum6. Orthoclase7. QuartzFingernail 2.5 Streak plate 7.5yp3. Calcite4FluoriteQ8. Topaz9 CorundumPenny 3.54.Fluorite5. Apatite9. Corundum10. Diamond Steel nail 5Glass 5.5Conchoidal fracture—quartzConchoidal fracture—quartzCleavage—muscoviteCleavage—muscovitePotassium FeldsparPotassium Feldsparhttp://www.pitt.edu/~cejones/GeoImages/1Minerals/1IgneousMineralz/Feldspars.htmlPlagioclasePlagioclaseHornblendeHornblendeGalena cleavageGalena cleavageHaliteHaliteCalciteCalcitehttp://marlimillerphoto.com/Min.htmlFibrous fracture—asbesoformFibrous fracture—asbesoform mineralEffervescenceEffervescenceDouble RefractionDouble RefractionThe resistance of a mineral to abrasion is known as ________.1. cleavage2.luster2.luster3. Hardness4Nfth4.None of these 5. streak0%0%0%0%0%12345What element is the most abundant in Earth’s crust by weight?1. carbon2.chlorine2.chlorine3. Oxygen4ili4. silicon5. sodium0%0%0%0%0%12345Which of the following has the highest specific gravity?1. gold2ice2.ice3. Quartz4. water5wood5.wood0%0%0%0%0%12345The strong tendency of certain minerals to break along smooth, parallel planes is known asparallel planes is known as ________.1l1. cleavage2. cracking lusterg3. fracture4habit4.habit5. streak0%0%0%0%0%12345The most unreliable (variable) diagnostic property of minerals such as quartz is ________.1. color 2.habit2.habit3. hardness4ifi it4. specific gravity5.


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WOU ES 104 - Minerals

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