1 ES104 Quiz 2 Study Guide - Fall 2006 RECOMMENDED STUDY TECHNIQUES 1) review the "How to Study Physical Science" guide available on the web site. 2) use the concepts below as a guide to help you focus on your notes 3) memorize terms and concepts (make flash cards, rewrite definitions 100 times, etc.) 4) go back over the labs and make sure you can do the tricks / skills 5) review some of the important figures in your lab manual and text 6) go back over the previous study guides 7) be able to link the terms to concepts, and the concepts to Earth processes 8) change your socks and drink plenty of water 9) clean your room.... 10) Go to the class website and view all "Figures / Overheads to Accompany Selected Class Notes" Seismology / Earthquake Figures Periodic Charts of the Elements Mineral Identification Guide Rock Identification Guide Volcanism / Igneous Activity Figures I would spend a MINIMUM of 3-4 hours studying for this quiz... if I wanted to do well! Key Words for New Material Since Mid-Term Plate Tectonics Mineral Element Rock Rock Types Igneous e.g. basalt e.g. granite Sedimentary e.g. sandstone Metamorphic Magma Lava Weathering Sediment Volcano Earthquake Seismology Crust Oceanic (basalt) Continental (granite) Lithosphere (Plate) Crust Upper Mantle Asthenosphere Silly Putty Deep Mantle Outer Core (solid) Inner Core (liquid) Plate Tectonics Alfred Wegener Continental Drift Plate Boundaries Convergent Divergent Transform Convergent Subduction Trench Volcanic Arc (e.g. Cascades) Plate Destruction accretionary tectonics Divergent Seafloor Spreading Mid-Oceanic Ridge Plate Creation Transform Fault e.g. San Andreas e.g. Offset Mid- Ocean Ridge Alfred Wegner Continental Drift Jig-Saw Fit of Continents Pangaea Match-up of Fossils Match-up of Geology Modern Evidence Seismic Distribution Volcanic Distribution Trench Distribution Hot Spots Hot Spot Tracks Hawaiian Islands Emperor Seamount Seamounts Volcanic Islands Plate Motion Rates 1-10 cm/yr2 Plate Driving Mechanism Internal Heat Radioactive Source Heat Exchange Mantle Convection Convection cells rising hot rock sinking cool rock Earthquakes earthquake source of earthquakes fault volcanism man-induced earthquake epicenter earthquake epicenter focus wave refraction wave reflection s-wave shadow zone p-wave shadow zone seismic risk seismic hazard p wave s wave compressional wave shear wave surface wave love wave San Andreas Fault fault creep stick-slip fault blind fault seismic waves source of earthquakes fault strand fault zone fault segment ductile deformation elastic deformation brittle deformation elastic rebound foreshocks aftershocks main shock wave form wavelength frequency amplitude body waves surface waves longitudinal waves primary waves shear waves transverse waves seismograph seismogram first p-wave arrival first s-wave arrival p wave velocity s wave velocity surface wave velocity epicenter / triangulation Mercalli Scale earthquake intensity earthquake magnitude Richter Scale seismicity tsunami ground shaking earthquake / landslides liquefaction Oregon / Pacific Northwest PNW earthquake hazards subduction zone earthquakes crustal earthquakes volcanic earthquakes paleoseismology last PNW big event = 300 yr tsunami deposits (sand) bay mud coastal uplift coastal subsidence marsh submergence tsunami cycle Risk Factors hazard risk alluvium bedrock groundwater Monmouth hazards Willamette Valley hazards saturated sediments ground shaking all fall down Basic Chemistry matter elements compounds nucleus proton neutron electron electron shells atomic no. octet rule atomic weight isotope atomic charge balance atomic bonding noble gases valence electrons ionic bonds positive ions negative ions covalent bonds periodic chart electron configuration Mineralogy mineral rock silica-oxygen tetrahedron cubic atomic arrangement atomic arrangement mineral definition physical properties color luster streak fracture hardness cleavage fracture specific gravity density rock forming minerals crustal composition3 silicate minerals carbonate minerals oxides halides sulfates magnetic minerals acid-fizz mineral ferromagnesian silicate minerals mafic minerals (Fe-Mg rich) felsic minerals non-ferromagnesian minerals Rocks / Igneous Rocks rock igneous sedimentary metamorphic magma lava cooling / crystallization Other Concepts and Ideas Since the Mid-Term: Can you identify examples of open, isolated, closed systems? Can you identify examples of positive and negative feedback? What do you know about the energy cycle? Can you sketch the interior of the Earth? Can you complete basic unit calculations from English to Metric and vice versa? Can you calculate density? How about Newton's law of gravitational attraction? If given conversion factors, can you work a unit conversion problem? What is the scientific method? Can you list the elements of the process? Which direction does heat flow and why? Why does a hot air balloon rise? Why do hot rocks rise? Why does magma rise, Why do their cold counterparts sink? How do we know when the last great subduction zone earthquake was in the PNW? What is a tsuami sediment cycle? What happens to the coast of oregon during an earthquake cycle? can you determine the vital statistics of atoms / elements from the periodic chart? Can you answer all of the homework questions from the chem / minerals homework? Did you read the book and look at the figures? Can you relate the terms, their definitions, and how they relate to one another? Can you cite lists of things? (e.g. list 4 physical properties used to I.D. minerals). Do you know how the Three Stooges relate to mineralogy? What is the method for classifying and interpreting igneous rocks? Can you answer all of the questions from the rocks
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