VOLCANOESTectonics of Magma• Basaltic magma– From partial melting of mantle– Occurs at oceanic ridges and mantle plumes– More dense: makes oceanic crust• Granitic magma– From melting of crust, with water as flux– Occurs at convergent boundaries– Less dense: makes continental crustMt St Helens Beforehttp://www.ncusd203.org/north/depts/science/slack/mt_helens.htmlHawaiihttp://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/north_america/hawaii/big_island.htmlKilaueahttp://www.fhvnp.org/albums/seminar_1142006.htmLow viscosity lavahttp://smart.tin.it/domsky/4/fotos-imagenes/immagini/1/2002_07_28_archive.htmlAsh of Mt St HelensTerms• Viscosity: resistance to flow• Pyroclastic: material blown into the air by volcanic eruption• What is the relationship of lava viscosity to pyroclastic production by a volcano?• Greater viscosity=more likely to have pyroclastic materialLava character• Volcanic gas information belowhttp://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Hazards/What/VolGas/volgas.htmlKilauea spatter conehttp://www.billystudio.com/photo_album/Big_Island/Volcano_Park_Slide/pages/Kilauea%20Spatter%20Cone%201984.htmMtStHelenshttp://www.geology.mcmail.com/volcanoes.htmAsh Bedhttp://www.wooster.edu/geology/bjordan/ECalPics/ECal.html (dead link 2007.11.13)Volcanic bombshttp://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/bomb.htmlAsh of Mt. St. Helenshttp://ve.ou.edu/weaver/st_helens/sthelens.htmMt St Helens Afterhttp://www.ncusd203.org/north/depts/science/slack/mt_helens.htmlSept. 2002Photo credit see http://www.roddyscheer.com/mt_st_helens.htmlVolcanocam see http://www.fs.fed.us/gpnf/volcanocams/msh/Pahoehoe lavahttp://www.doubledeckerpress.com/pahoe.htmPahoehoehttp://gaia.busanedu.net/~creative/2002/cyber/rock/pages/20651_pahoehoe.htmPahoehoehttp://www.mistermoose.org/rtw/usa/hawaii/pahoehoe.htmlAAhttp://www.windows.ucar.edu/earth/geology/images/aa_pahoehoe_lg.jpgWelded tuffhttp://www.wooster.edu/geology/bjordan/ECalPics/ECal.htmlAsh Bedhttp://www.wooster.edu/geology/bjordan/ECalPics/ECal.htmlbombhttp://www.volcanicimages.com/krakatau/krakatau.htmlVolcanic bombshttp://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/bomb.htmlMt Hoodhttp://www.geog.utah.edu/~hmiller/photos/Mt_Hood.jpgFujiyamahttp://earth.geol.ksu.edu/sgao/g100tu/plots/1008_composite_volc_Fujiyama.jpgParicutinhttp://www.bol.ucla.edu/~asuarezn/Paricutin_page.htmlCrater LakeKilauea Calderahttp://www.globalgeografia.com/album/oceania.htmShield volcanohttp://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/ShieldVolcano.htmlShield volcanohttp://earth.geol.ksu.edu/sgao/g100tu/plots/1008_shield_volc.jpgCurtain of firehttp://www.uhh.hawaii.edu/~csav/gallery/decker/hawaii_curtain_of_fire.phpLava fountain from fissureActive Lava Tubehttp://www.doubledeckerpress.com/skylight.htmParícutinhttp://www.greenville.k12.oh.us/volcano/cindercone.htmlCinder coneshttp://courses.unt.edu/hwilliams/GEOG_3350/examreviews/volcanic_structures.htmCinder coneAsh from Paricutinhttp://www.greenville.k12.oh.us/volcano/cindercone.htmlParicutinhttp://www.bol.ucla.edu/~asuarezn/Paricutin_page.htmlSan Juan Parangaricutirohttp://www.bol.ucla.edu/~asuarezn/Paricutin_page.htmlMt Etnahttp://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Sect13/Sect13_4d.htmlAspects of volcano typesComposite conehttp://courses.unt.edu/hwilliams/GEOG_3350/examreviews/volcanic_structures.htmRing of firehttp://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/fire.htmlCascade Volcano eruptionshttp://ve.ou.edu/weaver/st_helens/sthelens.htmMt Hoodhttp://www.geog.utah.edu/~hmiller/photos/Mt_Hood.jpgBlasted summit of Mt. St. Helenshttp://ve.ou.edu/weaver/st_helens/sthelens.htmWhaleback dome in Mt. St. Helenshttp://ve.ou.edu/weaver/st_helens/sthelens.htmNuee ArdenteMartiniquehttp://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Pelee.htmlMartiniqueVideo of nuee ardente: http://www.bedford.k12.ny.us/flhs/science/apes/images.htmlhttp://www.geo.mtu.edu/volcanoes/west.indies/soufriere/govt/images/051296/pf_sea.mpgSt Helens Blast Zonehttp://ve.ou.edu/weaver/st_helens/sthelens.htmLaharLink to Nevado del Ruizhttp://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Hazards/What/Lahars/RuizLahars.htmlSt Helens Depositshttp://ve.ou.edu/weaver/st_helens/sthelens.htmCrater LakeCaldera initial stageCaldera final stageKilauea Calderahttp://satftp.soest.hawaii.edu/space/hawaii/nav/ap.kilauea.htmlKilauea Caldera—Stage 1http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/howwork/subsidence/inflate_deflate.htmlKilauea Caldera—Stage 2http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/howwork/subsidence/inflate_deflate.htmlKilauea Caldera—Stage 3http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/howwork/subsidence/inflate_deflate.htmlValles Grandehttp://ve.ou.edu/weaver/votw/valles.htmFlood basaltFlood basalthttp://www.bedford.k12.ny.us/flhs/science/images/floodbasalt.jpgFlood basalthttp://www.gly.uga.edu/railsback/FieldImages/BasaltTwinFalls.jpegDeccan basalthttp://www.accuracyingenesis.com/deccan.htmlShiprockhttp://www.uwosh.edu/faculty_staff/muldoon/51-360/Moes_pics/pages/6B_Ship_Rock_gif.htmVolcanic
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