1Earthquakes and Seismic WavesChapter 7Reading: pages 197-211Location of 5+ in 10 yearsMeasuring Earthquakes• Mercalli Intensity scale: damage from quake• Magnitude scales: energy released by quake– Richter magnitude calculated from size of seismic wave and distance to quake– Moment magnitude based on size of rupture surface and amount of displacementLogarithmic Scale• Each order of magnitude shows the same increment on the scale• 1-10 is the same size as • 10-100 is the same size as • 100-1000Richter Magnitude2Earthquake destruction• Intensity of earthquake• Length of shaking (duration)• ‘Soil’ type—the nature of the material upon which the structure rests• Building design—how well it is designed and builtDestruction from• Ground shaking• Liquefaction• Tsunami• Landslides and subsidence•FireGood Friday quake, 1964 Department Store DamageCharleston, SC—August 31, 1886Loma Prieta 1985• http://jamaica.u.arizona.edu/ic/nats1011/lectures/ch09/FIG09_019A.JPG3Loma Prieta—parking structure• http://www.dola.state.co.us/oem/PublicInformation/EARTHQUAKE.HTMNorthridge 1994--freeway• http://www.geo.lsa.umich.edu/~crlb/COURSES/107/Lec7/lec7.htmlTurnagain Heights 1964--landslideLoma Prieta—mud volcanoesJapan 1964--liquifaction• http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ozsvath/images/liquefaction_photo.htmTsunami formation4Tsunami Hawaii 1946 Tsunami Indonesia 2004Defined by chemical compositionCrustMantleCore5Defined by PhysicalPropertiesLithosphereAsthenosphereLower mantleOuter coreInner coreOcean with central ridge Ocean-Continent Convergence6Tectonic Plate Map• http://earth.geol.ksu.edu/sgao/g100/plots/0829_08_plates.jpgEXAM TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 8Bring a scantron for exam on TuesdayThere will be some essay/outline, and a diagram to label, in addition to the scantronReview Questions in Blue Book due TuesdayCheck with 11 ed. in library to be sure you did the correct
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