Crustal DeformationPlate Tectonic Settings and MagmaPlate Tectonic Settings and MagmaDuctile and brittle deformationfoldsIsoclinal foldsMountain of foldsNames of fold typessynclineRecumbent anticlineTight v foldsPlunging fold geometryPlunging fold outcrop patternPlunging anticlineSheep mtn: doubly plunging aniclineMonoclineSan Rafael Swell monoclineGeologic map of the USValley and Ridge ProvinceBlack hills domeDrawing of Black HillsMichigan BasinSmall normal fault grabenNormal fault formationNormal faultSmall normal faultNormal faultsBasin and Range ProvinceBasin and range faultingDetachment faultingComplex normal faultingEast Humboldt Range HorstOwens Valley grabenscarpReverse fault formationReverse faultThrust fault formationsmall thrust faultStrike-slip fault formationStrike slip faultSan Andreas Fault stream offsetSan Francisco offsetSan Andreas Fault orchard offsetJoint set in flat-lying sandstoneSingle joint setJoints at MoabBryce Canyon, UtahExfoliation jointingExfoliation domeExfoliation joint formationColumnar jointsColumnar tops1Crustal DeformationReading: Chapter 10Pages 283-294Review Questions 4-10Plate Tectonic Settings and Magma• The type of magma generated in different plate tectonic settings is different• DIVERGENT PLATES and MANTLE PLUMES produce magma by partial melting of mantle material due to pressure release• This magma is BASALTIC (mafic) in chemical composition, and the resulting volcanism has distinct characteristics.• Where plates CONVERGE, water is driven off the subducting plate, and added to the overlying lithosphere• This water acts as a FLUX to reduce the melting temperature, and cause hot solid rock to melt without a change in temperature• The lithosphere here is continental (granitic) in character, and the magma generated is GRANITIC (felsic) in chemical composition.Plate Tectonic Settings and MagmaDuctile and brittle deformationhttp://www.geology.wisc.edu/courses/g112/lecture3.htmlfoldshttp://www-class.unl.edu/geol101i/09_structural.htmIsoclinal foldshttp://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/hefferan/geol320/folds.html2Mountain of folds Names of fold typessynclinehttp://www.whbschools.org/Teachers/Cohen/sciweb/earthscience/geologichistory/folding.htmRecumbent anticlinehttp://home.barton.ac.uk/curriculum/sc_env/geology/Structural%20Geology/RecumAnt.htmTight v foldshttp://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/hefferan/geol320/folds.htmlPlunging fold geometry3Plunging fold outcrop pattern Plunging anticlinehttp://www.geosciences.ou.edu/~msoreg/structure/structureintro.htmlSheep mtn: doubly plunging aniclinehttp://www.geology.wisc.edu/~rschott/g112/lecture3.htmlMonoclineSan Rafael Swell monoclinehttp://www.eas.purdue.edu/physproc/HTM%20Files/monoclines.htmGeologic map of the UShttp://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-443/4Valley and Ridge Provincehttp://tapestry.usgs.gov/features/06valleyridge.htmlBlack hills domehttp://tapestry.usgs.gov/features/16blackhills.htmlDrawing of Black Hillshttp://www.dakotamatrix.com/South_Dakota_Geology.aspMichigan Basinhttp://tapestry.usgs.gov/features/09michigan.htmlSmall normal fault grabenhttp://www.aucegypt.edu/faculty/hamroush/CE331/CE331-%20Rock%20Deformation%20and%20Unconformities.htmNormal fault formation5Normal fault Small normal faulthttp://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/hefferan/geol320/normalfaults.htmlNormal faultshttp://www.geology.wisc.edu/courses/g112/lecture3.htmlBasin and Range Provincehttp://tapestry.usgs.gov/features/22basinrange.htmlBasin and range faulting Detachment faultinghttp://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/hefferan/geol320/normalfaults.html6Complex normal faultinghttp://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/hefferan/geol320/normalfaults.htmlEast Humboldt Range Horsthttp://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/EarthSC202Slides/EQKSLIDE.HTMOwens Valley grabenhttp://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/EarthSC202Slides/EQKSLIDE.HTMscarphttp://www.geosci.unc.edu/faculty/glazner/Images/Structure/Faults.htmlReverse fault formation Reverse faulthttp://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/glossary/o_r/reverse_fault.html7Thrust fault formation small thrust faulthttp://earth.leeds.ac.uk/assyntgeology/geology/deformation/gallery/thrust1.htmStrike-slip fault formation Strike slip faultTectonics of western North AmericaSan Andreas Fault stream offsethttp://www.geology.wisc.edu/courses/g112/lecture3.html8San Francisco offsethttp://quake.wr.usgs.gov/info/1906/images/fenceoffset_big.htmlSan Andreas Fault orchard offsethttp://www.geology.wisc.edu/courses/g112/lecture3.htmlJoint set in flat-lying sandstonehttp://www.geology.wisc.edu/~maher/air/air05.htmSingle joint sethttp://maps.unomaha.edu/Maher/geo117/part3/structures/structureatlas.htmlJoints at Moabhttp://www.ce.berkeley.edu/~nsitar/ce281/Sierra%20Nevada%202000/Attitude%20Measurement%20Lake%20Spaulding.jpg9Bryce Canyon, Utahhttp://www.cs.biu.ac.il/~plot/USA/Exfoliation jointinghttp://www.ic.ucsc.edu/~casey/eart150/Lectures/Joints/JointsPics.htmlExfoliation domehttp://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~millerm/exjoints.htmlExfoliation joint formationhttp://www.ic.ucsc.edu/~casey/eart150/Lectures/Joints/joints.htmColumnar jointshttp://www.ic.ucsc.edu/~casey/eart150/Lectures/Joints/joints.htmColumnar
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