Exam Three Overview PERSONALITY 1 Personality a Personality IS i Pattern of behavior that is consistent across situations 1 Demands of the situation a Consistency Persona b Freud ii i ii Psychosexual Development Stages 1 Oral 2 Anal 3 Phallic a Penis Envy b Castration Anxiety 4 Latent 5 Genital Psychoanalysis 1 Free association 2 Catharsis iii Case Studies FRAUD no empirical evidence 1 Anna O Bertha Pappenheim 2 Emma Eckstein a Nose Job c Neo Freudians i ii iii iv 2 Learning Explanations Theories retained influence of early childhood experiences Alfred Adler feelings of inferiority Karl Jung collective unconscious Karen Horney interpersonal conflict a Classical Conditioning Emotions b Operant Conditioning Behavior 3 Testing MMPI Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory a b Projective Tests i ii Rorschach TAT Thematic Apperception Test 4 Role of Genetics a 50 b Adoption Studies c Twin Studies Intelligence 1 The Concept of Intelligence a Specific abilities vs General intelligence i General intelligence is a reflection of underlying neurological factors ii iii How fast someone can process something Library analogy look up a book you need in the resources center vs look it up online Activate cell assembly and then it will function Some people have faster speed of processing than other people iv b Specific abilities primary mental abilities c General intelligence i Speed of neural processing 1 One of the best measurements of intelligence is reaction time ii Use of problem solving strategies 2 Crystallized vs Fluid Intelligence a Crystallized is the knowledge you have Ex how many days of the week are there Something hard that won t ever go away b Fluid intelligence is more of a problem solving ability It can slip away over time As you get older you tend to lose it i ii i ii 3 Social and emotional intelligence a Social knowing how to interact with other people i Individuals who got the highest grades were not necessarily the people who got kickass jobs because they need to also have social intelligence people skills Delayed gratification b Emotional your knowledge of yourself ii i If you know you don t function well in situations you avoid them 4 A Brief History of Intelligence Testing a Selecting students for remedial help i ii 7 tests that can identify how many tests students can do Solve more More intelligent b Screening immigrants for Exclusion i Excluded people based on cultural tests Tennis court look like Yards on a fb field c Development of New Tests i Tester gets to watch you work 5 Basic requirements for a good intelligence test a Reliability b Validity c Scores and Norms d Criterion Relevance 6 Types of intelligence tests a Individual tests b Culture free tests c Rapid review of the measurement of intelligence d Questions for making connections 7 Mental Retardation a Levels of Mental Retardation b Genetic Causes i ii Down Syndrome PKU phenylketonuria 1 Used to be very serious 2 Occurs because there is an acid that is normally produced in the brain but then there is an other substance that breaks the acid down so it doesn t do any harm With people who have this form of retardation the acid does not get broken down and their brain is literally destroyed If an infant has this issue doctors can find it and help fix it before it becomes detrimental iii Other Forms of Genetically Caused Retardation 3 c Physical Causes in the Environment i Alcohol 1 Pregnant women who drink alcohol destroys the brain of the fetus Diseases ii iii 1 Measles Chemical Toxins 1 Lead 2 Restrictions on what paint you use when painting your 3 house If the old lead starts to chip off the wall and a kid gets a hold of it puts it in their mouth that kid is basically fucked d Psychosocial Causes i Children who are raised in homes where there is little stimulation no talking at dinner no museums no sesame street they will not learn what all the rest of the kids That can cause social retardation can be overcome e The Role of Persons with Retardation in Society 8 Giftedness a Usually referred to as nerds That is a stereotype b Psychosocial Adjustment c The Savant Syndrome 9 Biological Bases of Intelligence a Brain Size i Overall Brain Size ii Size of Specific Structures 1 Some are specific to intelligence and some aren t a Hippocampus because it processes things for storage and memory b Cortex thickness of the cortex Thicker cortex more intelligent because that s where your thinking goes on c Corpus Callosum because it enables the two hemispheres to interact with one another b Brain Functioning i ii Speed of Neural Conduction Efficiency of Neural Conduction 1 Looking at the amount of glucose a person has or uses 2 Glucose is the fuel on which your brain works 3 Higher levels of glucose you have higher efficiency 4 Occasional periods of lower glucose levels hypoglycemia iii Glucose Level c Biological Correlates of Intelligence Emotions 5 Overview of Emotion i Why we experience emotion 1 Cognitive explanations b The Role of the Nervous System in Emotions a Physiological explanation i ii iii iv The Brain The Amygdala The Prefrontal Cortex The Sympathetic Branch of the Autonomic Nervous System c The Role of Sociocultural Factors in Emotions Similarity in Emotions Across Cultures Differences in the Display of Emotions Across Cultures Gender and Emotions Individual Differences and Emotions i ii iii d i Differences in Emotionality The role of Interpretations e f The role of Physiological Arousal g Cultural Differences in Responsivity and Emotions i Differences in Ability to Recognize Emotions h Passionate Love Components and Types of Love Passion due to mistakes about arousal Passion due to classical conditioning of arousal i Stress i ii iii i ii iii Stress and Stressors The steps that lead to stress and defense Defense Mechanisms 1 Denial redefinition 2 Displacement 3 Suppression distraction 4 Repression j Other factors in the control of stress i Social support counseling and psychotherapy 1 Writing about stress 2 Aerobic exercise 3 Meditation and Biofeedback k Influence of genetics on stressors i Psychological Factors in Physical Health l The influence of Behavior and Stress on Physical health i Mind body dualism ii Psychosomatic disorders m Cardiovascular Disorders Stress Type A Behavior Hostility The Process Treatments i ii iii iv v n High Blood Pressure Personality and Stress Good and Bad Exercise o Immunological Disorders Infectious Diseases i ii i 6 Sociocultural Factors 7 Health Psychology
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