Psychology 104 Abnormal Behaviors Overview of Symptoms Causes and Treatments I What is Abnormal A Distress Disability and Deviance behavior or emotion being defined as normal 1 Distress personal strain or difficulty one of the factors that can lead to a 2 An impairment in the ability to function one of the factors that can lead to a behavior or emotion being defined as abnormal 3 Behaviors that depart from a cultural norm one of the factors B The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM 1 Contains hundreds of different diagnoses and the specific symptoms 2 Only talk about the symptoms not talk about the causes or treatment 3 What is listed in DSM is abnormal and what is not listed in DSM is not abnormal II Historical Background Then and Now A Supernatural Explanations The devil and the cure is exorcism 1 Considered a witch hold the person under water if she died she wasn t a witch if she was alive she was killed because she was a witch 2 Jesus caused an evil behavior to be transferred out of a man and into swine B Physiological Explanations Hippocrates and humors 1 Imbalance of humors 2 Too much black humor depression Too much yellow humor wishy washy 3 Transfer humors to neurotransmitters Hippocrates was right C Humane Care The Bethlehem Hospital Philipp Pinal and Dorothea Dix 1 Mental patients have not been treated very well 2 People were tortured burned starved drowned 3 Bethlehem Hospital herded people into common area people could stand and watch them 4 Philipp Pinel cared for patients better a took them out to the woods and unchained them 5 Dorothea Dix a Appalled by the conditions of the patients b Went on a campaign to create mental hospitals c Having to close down many hospitals and patients are released unhealthy and untreated D Psychological Explanations Freud III Modern Explanations A The Psychodynamic Explanation and Psychotherapy B Learning Explanations and Behavior Theory 1 Token System tokens given to the patients who do the right things 2 Not treated just learned to not talk about their disorders modified behavior C Cognitive Explanation and Cognitive Behavior D The Physiological Explanation and Drugs IV Disorders as Packages Symptoms Causes and Treatments A Different disorders have different causes B The same disorder can have different causes C Different treatments must be used to treat different causes D Physiology provides the final pathway to symptoms 1 Thoughts about you are in the brain 2 What is causing the physiological problems Anxiety Disorders Anxiety Disorders a group of disorders phobias panic in which the major symptom is anxiety I Phobia irrational fears of a particular stimulus or situation A Agoraphobia B Social Phobia C Specific Phobias 1 A fear of being in a public place from which escape might be difficult or embarrassing if the individual suddenly became anxious 1 An irrational fear of being criticized by others 1 All irrational fears other than agoraphobia and social phobia 2 Fear of animals bugs small spaces heights storms blood and others II Generalized Anxiety Disorder A Constantly anxious B Lives in a cloud of anxious C Hard to talk to people prone to health risks D No particular stimulus E Explanation Physiology low levels of neurotransmitters that cause activity in the inhibitors of the brain Those areas don t get inhibited areas are called Gallop 1 taking an anti depressant will also work 2 Serotonin F Cognitive would just say this person has the wrong beliefs of what is out in the environment III Panic Disorder A Panic Attack 1 Feel like you are going to die chests hurts heart beats fast head gets hot 2 Misdiagnosed panic attacks as heart attacks for many years IV Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Dampening physiological arousal alcohol The case of the lady who drank two martinis before she got on the plane Schizophrenia A Cannot be reversed or treated B Incidence 1 10 12 who will suffer out of this class of 1000 people 2 Happens to 1 3 of the population C Symptoms 1 Hallucinations a things you see or hear that have no basis in reality b Sees people stand at the end of her bed and talk to her c Sees blood running down people s face in public places d ticker tape on forehead 2 Delusions a a belief that is not true b think the police are out to get you 3 Cognitive Flooding a Overwhelming sounds b don t have to capacity to drown out other sounds around you 1 Upset distracted bothered 4 Disturbed thought process a thought process is construed b Patient says things that don t make any sense at all 5 Lack things that everyone else has a empty depressed no humor 6 Negative and Positive Systems a The difference is going to depend on the cause of the disorder b Negative 1 Deterioration on cortex 2 Not fixable 3 Blank look empty feeling c Positive 1 Problems with prefrontal cortex 2 Treated with medication 3 Hallucination delusions 4 Excessive levels of dopamine from brain stem results in excessive levels of activity in frontal lobe and over nerve tracts disruptions in thought process 7 Watched two videos on people a Betty extremely smart developed symptoms in sophomore year of college 1 Tried a lot of the new medications that were coming out 2 tried a new drug and it was so effective there was a news story on her 3 Drug was too expensive Betty went to court and sued the government for not funding her drug 8 Subtypes of Schizophrenia and Their Symptoms Said to ignore a Disorganized Catatonic Paranoid Residual Undifferentiated b Set up years ago in text books but don t worried about them 9 Causes of Schizophrenia a Genetics b Biological traumas goes up 1 Mother has flu in second semester kids likelihood of schizophrenia c Birth Trauma Usually negative symptoms 1 Deprived of oxygen 2 Forceps used to pull child out clamped on skull d Stress causes Schizophrenia e Gender 1 Men more likely to suffer from negative symptoms 2 Women more likely to suffer from positive symptoms f Shrinking the size of the brain 1 Burned out schizophrenics 10 Treatments a neuroleptic drugs 1 Block receptor sites for dopamine 2 Problem is dopamine is needed for other things in the brain 3 Treat the agitation b Symptoms of Thorizene drug start in face winking 1 Twitches spread to arms and legs 2 Kept getting drugs for schizophrenia 3 Develop another illness Tarteddisconesia 4 Caused random rapid movements and shouts 1 Now crazier than what they were before 2 Only treatment was to give them more 5 Not effective for treating schizophrenia c Prefrontal
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