FAD3220 Chapter 14 Psychosocial Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood Class Notes Paths to Adulthood Before 1960s o Finish school leave home get a job get married have children Currently only 1 in 4 follow this path Time of experimentation of what one wants to do Influenced by gender academic ability expectations attitudes and social class Identifying development Re centering process that underlies the shift to an adult identity o Stage 1 Individual still embedded in family of origin but increased expectations of self resilience and self direction o Stage 2 connected but not embedded w family of origin may be financially dependent College jobs intimate partners may be explored o Stage 3 usually by age 30 independence from family or origin commitment to career and possible children Adult Relationships w parents Sign of well being is the ability to maintain autonomous by connected relationships w their parents Adult children still need parental acceptance empathy and support Failure to launce adult who is financially independent in the sense that they have their own job but still lives w parents and don t pay rent May revert back to parent child roles and changed expectations Personality development Foundation of Personality solidifies in adulthood Intimacy vs Isolation o Erikson s 6th stage of psychological development o Young adults must make commitments to others of face a possible sense of isolation or self absorption It is good to have strong relationships but you also need time to yourself Timing of Events Model Describes adult psychological development as a response to the expected or unexpected occurrence and timing of important life events a 21 year old w a child will be more independent than one without Normative life events the age in which you get married The social clock society s normal expectations for the appropriate timing of life events expect people to get married in 20s Typological Model Three types Identifies broad personality types and styles o Ego resilient well adjusted self confident articulate o Over controlled shy quiet anxious dependable worried about o Under controlled active energetic impulsive stubborn easily being in control distracted Can have different personalities based on setting work vs home Friendship and love Friendships may be less stable because of relocation Friendships centered on work parenting sharing of confidence and advice Not as based on age groups but interest groups Being Single Voluntary Temporary career oriented Voluntary Stable choosing to be single for a while or forever bachelor or monk Involuntary Temporary on the prowl Involuntary Stable doesn t want to be single but has given up b c of circumstances least satisfying Cohabitation Singles not married living together Only about 7 of population are currently cohabitating Unmarried couples tend to be less homogamous than marrieds More likely to be interracial Much more likely to break up than marrieds Short term Marriage Homogamy similar qualities race ethnicity religion class Heterogamy different characteristics o Hypogamy marrying down in social class o Hypergamy marrying up in social class Endogamy have to marry someone within your group Jewish people have to marry someone Jewish Exogamy don t marry w in group interracial marriage Complementary needs partners make up for weaker aspects of the other Marriage and Parenting Marital satisfaction decreases during child rearing years o Stress o Adjusting to new role o Feeling isolated o Division of household labor increases after birth of child Book Notes Reflects all bolded main information not presented in lecture Personality Development Model Normative Stage Model adults follow a basic sequence of age related psychological changes They are normative b c they seem to be common and emerge in successive stages o What is normative is based on expectations of timing of life events made by that culture o Includes Erikson s theory of Intimacy vs Isolation Life Structure Levinson s theory follow up of Erikson s Theory that the underlying pattern of a person s life at a given time is built on whatever aspects of life the person finds most important Developmental Tasks in normative stage theories typical challenges that need to be mastered for successful adaption of each stage of life Trait Models Theoretical models of personality development that focus on mental emotional temperamental and behavioral traits or attributes Looks for stability or change in personality traits Five Factor Model theoretical model of personality that underlie 5 groups of associated traits known as the Big Five o 1 Neuroticism 2 extraversion 3 openness to experience 4 consciousness 5 agreeableness Love Triangular Theory of love Sternberg s theory that patterns of love hinge on the balance among three elements intimacy passion and commitment Divorce On average divorce occurs 7 8 years after marriage Most common reported reason for divorce is lack of emotional support
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