Language spoken written signed words that communicate Language Development By 4 months discriminate between sounds Predicts future language skills Babbling Stage 4 months Spontaneously uttering various sounds At 4 moths could not tell the language By 10 months can tell the language cid 127 One Word Stage 1 years old Can recognize the meaning associated with words Two Word Stage 2 years old cid 127 Mostly bounds and verbs e g want milk cid 127 Once develop 2 word stage rapidly progress to phrases and sentences Theories of Language Development Behaviorist explanations Nurture Children learn to talk through principles of operant conditioning Nativist explanations Nature Language is innate biological Chomsky cid 127 Genie Language Acquisition Device Critical period for learning language puberty 7 10 years old Interactionist explanations Nature and Nurture Infants are born with the ability to acquire language BUT social interactions play a crucial role Parents tailor verbal interaction with children in ways that simplify language acquisitions Thinking in Images cid 127 Mental practice Artists poets mathematicians athletes and scientists are known for thinking in images Tennessee women s b ball team Foul shot percentage increased from 52 to 65 after mental practice cid 127 Mental Practice and Achievement Goals IV Imagine getting an A on exam Imagine studying hard for exam control no mental practice DV performance in exam Imagine study scored higher Measurement of Intelligence cid 127 Origin of the Species Darwin Survival of the fittest cid 127 What is the fittest Adaptability based less on morphological adaptations and more on cognitive skills and ability to learn and be flexible Francis Galton Darwin s cousin no correlation Hires Alfred Binet Stanford Binet Created a measure of intelligence tried to correlate it with head circumference French gov t seek to assign children to appropriate education cid 127 Worried about effects of class speech attractiveness Followed good measurement practice used Known Groups technique Asked teachers what separates out the good and bad students cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 Louis Terman of Stanford Sets average IQ at 100 Standard deviation of 15 or 16 IQ mental age chronological age x 100 Some popular intelligence scales cid 127 Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale WAIS 11 subtests measuring cid 127 Overall intelligence like S B Verbal comprehension Perceptual organization cid 127 Working memory Processing speed cid 127 Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children WISC Assessing Intelligence Modern Forms Achievement reflect what you have learned Aptitude predict future performance cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127
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