A need or desire that energizes behavior and directs it towards a goal Aron Ralston was motivated to cute his arm in order to free himself from a rock that pinned him down Four Perspectives Instinct cid 127 William James Believed that we are always motivated by instincts Fixed unlearned behaviors Species typical E g infants sucking reflex Human Instincts James 1890 attachment fear disgust rivalry greediness suspicion hunting play shame anger resentment curiosity shyness affiliation bashfulness secretiveness cleanliness cid 127 modesty love parental love Name explanation Drive and Incentive Drives Internal Drive reduction theory pushed to reduce drives homeostasis steady balanced internal state pulled by incentives stimulus that motivates behavior cid 127 motivated behavior arousal reduction cid 127 Optimum Arousal Seek optimum level of arousal too little stimulation bored too much stimulation stress Hierarchy of Motives Abraham Maslow cid 127 Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs Basic Needs Physiological needs need to satisfy hunger and thirst 85 Safety needs need to feel that the world is organized and predictable 70 Psychological Needs Self Fufillment Needs Belongingness and love needs need to love and be loved acceptance 50 Esteem needs need for self esteem achievement competence and independence 40 Self actualization needs need to live up to our fullest and unique potential 10 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 Self transcendence needs need to find meaning and identity beyond the self cid 127 Group 1 chow only no change in pleasure lowest weight cid 127 Group 2 restricted access cid 127 Group 3 unrestricted access eating exponentially more pleasurable highest weight when punished they ate more Habituation term used to describe how we come to find foods boring Hunger Is obesity a mental disorder Johnson and Kenny 2010 Three groups of rats Causes of obesity Education Single ingredient theory Portion sizes Habituation Emotional connections Processed foods Lack of exercise Advertising cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127
View Full Document
Unlocking...