Everything you do is based on your history of transactions with the environment cid 127 What you do s based on rewards and punishments in the environment cid 127 Who you are is based on your personal history of rewards and punishments Give me a dozen healthy infants well formed and my own specified world to bring them up and I ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select regardless of his talents penchants tendencies abilities vocations and race of his ancestors 1930 John B Relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience Learning Based on behaviorism John Watson Radical Behaviorism Watson Types of Learning Associative Classical Conditioning Pavlov and Watson Ivan Pavlov and his dogs Studying the physiology of digestion Learn to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events Unconditioned Stimulus US natural trigger ex meat Unconditioned Response UR natural response ex salivate Conditioned Stimulus CS ex bell Conditioned Response CR ex saliva after bell Both responses are the same only the stimulus changes John Watson and Rayner Founder of Behaviorism Little Albert Experiment cid 127 Generalization Stimuli similar to the CS elicit similar response Albert learns fear to other furry things e g bunny fur coats etc Agoraphobia don t leave the home associated with panic attacks Discrimination Distinguish between CS and stimuli that do not signal the response Albert doesn t show fear to everything e g not afraid of toys cid 127 Operant Conditioning Skinner Active process cid 127 Organism operates on environment and learns from consequences Consequences determine whether a behavior will be repeated Reinforcement Anything that increases the probability of the behavior recurring in the same situation Reinforcement Reward Positive Reinforcement A pleasant consequence following a behavior ex candy for working hard good score on quiz for studying smile from the right person Negative Reinforcement The removal of a negative stimulus following a behavior ex aspirin for headaches feeling happier when dumping mean friends don t have to do dishes if you get a good grade An aversive consequence of a behavior that typically reduces the probability of a behavior recurring Punishment Positive Punishment ex community service for DWI Negative Punishment ex suspend license for DWI A note about punishment Punishment tells you what not to do reinforcement tells you what to do Skinner and other researchers have noted that reinforcement is the preferred way to change behavior Notice good behavior and reward it cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 Schedules of Reinforcement Continuous receive reinforcement every time the behavior response occurs Intermittent behavior response sometimes receive reinforcement cid 127 Observational Learning cid 127 Modeling Albert Bandura Bandura s Bobo Doll Study Kids copied Adults come in and acted behavior with doll positive and negative cid 127 Gender affected modeling girl watching woman copied more than girl watching man Implications Media Violence and Agression Correlation between media violence and aggressive behavior 31 regardless of age cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127
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