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TAMU PSYC 307 - Research in Developmental Psychology
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PSYC 307 1st Edition Lecture 13 Overview of Previous Lecture Defining Intelligence Measuring Intelligence Problems with Intelligence Genes Environment and Development of Intelligence Other views on Intelligence Overview of Current Lecture How do we study babies Types of knowledge o Cognitive o Social emotional o Physical What do babies think Research at A M October 23 Research in Developmental Psychology Videos How theories are obtained in developmental psychology I How do we study babies a Problems i Lack of language ii Short attention span b Looking time looking differences i Violation of expectations paradigms possible impossible errors 1 Fix to impossible event ii A not B tasks persistence errors 1 Search primarily in location A iii Familiarization habituation 1 Novelty preference and looking time iv Eye tracking higher spatial temporal resolution 1 Scanning and searching environments c Haptic motor tests choose one over another act on objects d Functional brain imaging fNIRS i Measure changes in blood oxygenation in brain II Types of Knowledge a Cognitive objects i Understanding objects objects make up our world ii How do babies learn about those things b Social Emotional Morality i Yale University lab inherently good evil 1 The Baby Lab babies tested preferred the nice character a Helpful nice behavior vs mean behavior b Babies think that mean behavior deserves punishment 81 c Comes built in cheerios vs graham crackers i They prefer the character who is similar to them positive feelings 1 Negative feelings toward the one who is different from them 87 want them treated badly ii Build to create us and them we aren t that moral 1 Weary of the other for survival purposes 2 Coin activity in older children younger children choose less just so that they will have more than the other child choose equal fair option by age 8 become generous by age 10 give the other kid more c Social Emotional Human Faces i Newborns prefer mother s face to stranger s face ii Communication comfort basic needs 1 Clearest view as a newborn is from six inches away can discern features 2 Daphne Maurer not features themselves that newborns can discern a Pay attention to contrast between light and shadows 2 weeks b 6 weeks pay more attention to what looks like a face i Higher brain centers sensitive to visual stimuli developing c 8 weeks new neural pathways developing i Ability to put together sight and sound world is made up of obects d Social Emotional Perceptual Narrowing i Primate lemur faces younger children can discern differences between identical looking faces 1 Under 6 months recognized that the new face was different novelty pref 2 Over 9 months when shown new face they became bored novelty preference did not come into play ii Babies have 1 5x more synaptic pathways than adults 1 Specialization synaptic pruning occurs connections that process human faces continue to survive and flourish a Lose connections that recognize differences in primate faces do not use this skill as often as the use skill that discerns between human face e Physical Motor Learning i Experience with motor tasks helps babies in novel situations 1 Each new posture brings new essence and obstacles 2 Karen Adolph how far you can stretch across a gap before you lose balance a 9 months When gap gets too large refuses to reach desire vs better sense b 9 months crawling new crawlers misjudge width and depth of gaps i No experience with depth perception from that posture 3 Experienced in sitting can better understand world around a Inexperienced in crawling cannot understand same world as well III What do babies think a Alison Gopnik UC Berkeley i Broccoli vs gold fish the baby 18 months would give her what she liked even if it was not what she liked 1 15 month olds would give her what THEY like regardless of if it was what she liked 2 Older babies have learned that not everyone has the same preferences ii 4 yr olds typically do a series of experiments to define explain an event or occurrence 1 Can take in lots of information from lots of sources at once not so good at focusing heavily at one thing cannot get rid of everything that interests them a Bad at NOT paying attention to everything hyperattentive IV Research at A M a Eye tracking fNIRS


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TAMU PSYC 307 - Research in Developmental Psychology

Type: Lecture Note
Pages: 4
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