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TAMU PSYC 307 - Emotion and Attachment
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PSYC 307 1st Edition Lecture 17Overview of Previous Lecture - Emotional development- First Appearance of Basic Emotions - Complex or self-conscious emotions- Development of emotional self-regulation - Identifying the Emotions of Others- Perspectives- Temperament Overview of Current lecture- Emotion and temperament o Stability of Temperamento Personality- Attachmento Attachmento Attachment Categories November 11 – Development of Emotions, cont- I. The Stability of Temperamenta. Is temperament an enduring, stable characteristic of an individual?b. Evidencei. Longitudinal studies 1. Moderate stability of attention, activity level, irritability, shyness a. Activity level, shyness, fearfulness are the most stable over time 2. Behavioral inhibition (fearfulness): infancy  late childhooda. Anxiety, depression, social withdrawal 3. Temperament modifiable by experiences ii. Studies with non-human primatesiii. Twin studies1. Heritability index: .50-.60II. Personalitya. What is it?i. Temperament: emotional, behavioral ways of interacting with environmentii. Way of thinking about the world, experiences, intelligenceNovember 11 – Attachment to others I. Attachmenta. An emotional bond with a specific person that is enduring across space and timeb. Strong and enduring affectionate ties c. Theories of Attachment i. Psychoanalytic – focused on feeding 1. Freud a. Feeding experiences important because they were pleasurable b. Establishment of attachment2. Erikson a. Trust vs. mistrust – feeding needs met leads to sense of trusti. Basis of future experiences ii. Learning 1. Harlow – wire monkey that fed vs. cloth monkey that did not a. Food is primary reinforcer, but being close to caretaker is secondary reinforcerb. Is that true?i. Not all about feeding; seek comfort iii. Ethological 1. John Bowlbya. Children are biologically predisposed to develop attachments with caregivers as a means of increasing the chances of their own survival i. Babies are biologically programmed to send out signals of need, adults are programmed to attend to those signals b. Phases of attachment i. Preattachment (0-6 months) ii. Attachment in making (6 weeks – 6 months) 1. Baby begins to prefer some people over othersiii. Clear cut attachment (6-24 months)1. Separation and stranger anxiety iv. Formation of reciprocal relationships (2+ years)1. About ongoing relationships 2. Ainsworth a. Security of attachment i. There are babies and parents that spend all their time together, but do not grow attached to one another (not all about proximity)1. About how parent responds to kids  secure attachment b. The Strange Situationi. Series of events (in book) ii. Attachment behaviors1. Use mother as secure base2. Distress upon separation 3. Behavior during separation 4. Quality of child’s greeting II. Attachment Categories a. Secure attachment, found in 65-70% of babies b. Insecure/resistant (or ambivalent) attachment (15%)i. Stay close to mom, don’t appear to be comfortable; typically inconsolable when parent leaves; when mom returns they will approach the mom and then push her away c. Insecure/avoidant attachment (20%)i. Not using mom as secure base d. Disorganized/disoriented


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TAMU PSYC 307 - Emotion and Attachment

Type: Lecture Note
Pages: 3
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