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TAMU PSYC 307 - 3.18_b w
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Developmental Psychology13/18/20081Risks of Becoming Pregnant as an Adolescentz Health risks for both the baby and the mother– Infants are more likely to have low birth weight– Infants have more neurological problems and childhood illness – Adolescent mothers often drop out of school – Even if they resume their education, they generally never catch up economically 3/18/20082Characteristics of Adolescent Mothersz Adolescent mothers are more likely to come from low-SES backgrounds (cf. Jamie-Lynn Spears)z Many were not good students before they became pregnant z Some adolescent mothers do well in school and have positive outcomes z All adolescents can benefit from age-appropriate family-life education (Crosby & Holtgrave, 2006) (Malamitsi-Puchner & Boutsikou, 2006) (Leadbeater & Way, 2000) (Weyman, 2003)Developmental Psychology23/18/20083Contraceptive Usez Two kinds of risks accompany sexual activity: – unintended unwanted pregnancy – sexually transmitted infectionsz Both can be reduced significantly with contraception usez Many sexually active adolescents still do not use contraceptives, or they use them inconsistently– younger adolescents are less likely to take contraceptive precautions(Anderson, Santelli, & Morrow, 2006) (Davies & others, 2006)3/18/20084Sexually Transmitted Infectionsz Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)– infections contracted primarily through sexual contact, including oral-genital and anal-genital contactz annually, more than 3 million American adolescents (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2006)***News Flash (March 11, 2008)Study: 1 in 4 teen girls has an STD• First study of its kind • Nearly 3 million teen girls have at least one STD at any given time• HPV, which can cause cervical cancer, is the most prevalentDevelopmental Psychology33/18/20085STD rate in adolescent girlsz CDC analysis of nationally representative data on 838 girls who participated in a 2003-04 government health surveyz Teens were tested for four infections:– human papillomavirus (HPV) 18%– chlamydia 4 %– trichomoniasis 2.5 %– herpes simplex virus 2 % 3/18/20086Leading Causes of Death in Adolescencez The three leading causes of death in adolescence are accidents, homicide, and suicidez More than half of deaths for ages 10 to 19 are due to accidents; most involve motor vehiclesz Homicide is the second-leading cause of deathz The adolescent suicide rate has tripled since the 1950sDevelopmental Psychology43/18/20087Suicidez Suicide behavior escalates in adolescence and then increases further in emerging adulthood z Suicide is the third-leading cause of death in ages 10-19 z Although a suicide threat should always be taken seriously, far more adolescents contemplate or attempt it unsuccessfully than actually commit it (Park & others, 2006) (National Center for Health Statistics, 2005) (Mazza, 2005)Three deaths shook Nantucket High School, which hadn’t had a suicide in 40 years. 3/18/20088Gender Differences in Suicidez Females were more likely to attempt z Males were more likely to succeed in committing suicidez Males use more lethal means, such as gunsz Females are more likely to cut their wrists or take an overdose of sleeping pillsz Lesbian and gay male adolescents may be especially vulnerable to suicideDevelopmental Psychology53/18/20089Adolescent Problems and their Treatmentz Four problems that affect the most adolescents:– drug abuse– juvenile delinquency– sexual problems– school-related problems z Those who have more than one of these problems are more at risk for suicide(Dryfoos, 1990; Dryfoos & Barkin, 2006)3/18/200810Successful Programsz Programs that have been successful in preventing or reducing adolescent problems found these common component among them:– intensive individualized attention– community-wide multi-agency collaborative approaches– early identification and intervention(Dryfoos, 1990; Dryfoos & Barkin, 2006)Developmental Psychology63/18/200811Substance Use and Abusez Proportions of U.S. students who used any illicit drug declined in the late 1990s and first years of the twenty-first century z Sizeable declines in alcohol use have occurred in recent yearsz But…– Binge drinking (five or more drinks in a row in last two weeks)(Johnston & others, 2007)3/18/200812Cigarette Smokingz Cigarette smoking is one of the most serious, yet preventable, health problems z Cigarette smoking peaked in 1996 and 1997 and has gradually declined z Risk factors for becoming a regular smoker:– having a friend who smokes– weak academic orientation– low parental support(Johnston & others, 2007) (Tucker, Ellickson, & Klein, 2003)Developmental Psychology73/18/200813Other Drug Abusez Painkillers– Vicodin and Oxycontin fall into the general class of drugs called narcotics and are highly addictivez Adolescents cite the medicine cabinets of their parents or of friends’ parents as the main source for their prescription painkillers (Partnership for a Drug-Free America, 2005) (Johnston & others, 2007)3/18/200814Delinquencyz Juvenile delinquent -- label applied to an adolescent who breaks the law or engages in behavior that is considered illegal – 2002 -- juvenile court caseloads 3 males: 1 female – delinquency rates among minority groups and lower-socioeconomic-status youth are especially high– one issue is whether an adolescent who commits a crime should be tried as an adult(National Center for Juvenile Justice, 2006) (Redding, 2005)Developmental Psychology83/18/200815Causes of Delinquencyz Many causes have been proposed, including heredity, identity problems, community influences, and family experiences z Adolescents with a negative identity may find support for their delinquent image among peers, reinforcing the negative identity – norms of many lower-SES peer groups and gangs are antisocial 3/18/200816z Parental monitoring is especially important in determining whether an adolescent becomes a delinquent z Family discord and inconsistent and inappropriate discipline and sibling influences are also associated with delinquency z having delinquent peers greatly increases the risk of becoming delinquent (Coley, Morris, & Hernandez, 2004) (Bor, McGee, & Fagan, 2004) (Dishion & Dodge, 2006)Developmental Psychology93/18/200817Adolescent Identityz Identity is a self-portrait composed of many pieces, including these:– vocational/career identity– political identity– religious identity– relationship identity–


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TAMU PSYC 307 - 3.18_b w

Type: Miscellaneous
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