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TAMU PSYC 307 - 3.25_b w
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Developmental Psychology13/25/20081Dual-Career Couplesz Dual-career couples often have problems finding a balance between work and the rest of life– division of responsibility for work and family has changed z husbands are taking increased responsibility and showing greater interest in families and parenting z women are taking increased responsibility for breadwinning(Rubin, 2006; Pitt-Catsouphes, Kossek, & Sweet, 2006) Barnett, 2001; Barnett & others, 2001)3/25/20082Physical Performance and Development z Most of us reach our peak physical performance before the age of 30 z During this age period we also begin to decline in physical performance z Signs of decline around age 30 – Sagging chins and protruding abdomens – lessening of physical abilities – Sensory systems show little change in early adulthoodDevelopmental Psychology23/25/20083Healthz Emerging adults have more than twice the mortality rate of adolescents – Few chronic health problems– Fewer colds and respiratory problems than when they were children – Few stop to think about how their personal lifestyles will affect their health later(Park & others, 2006) (Rimsza & Kirk, 2005) (Sakamaki & others, 2005)3/25/20084Developmental Psychology33/25/200853/25/20086Obesityz Heredity -- some individuals do inherit a tendency to be overweight z Leptin -- a protein that is involved in satiety; acts as an anti-obesity hormonez Set point -- the weight you maintain when you make no effort to gain or lose weightz Environmental Factors -- sociocultural factors are involved in obesityDevelopmental Psychology43/25/20087Dieting and Exercisez Dieting is an obsession with many Americans z Few are successful in keeping weight off long-term z The most effective programs include exercise z Aerobic exercise -- sustained exercise that stimulates heart and lung activity (Wardlaw & Hampl, 2007)3/25/20088Substance Abusez By mid-twenties, many young adults have reduced their use of alcohol and drugs z Binge drinking– more common among college men than women – problems include missing classes, physical injuries, troubles with police, having unprotected sex(Bachman & others, 2002) (Wechsler & others, 2002)Developmental Psychology53/25/20089Alcoholismz Alcoholism– involves long-term, repeated, uncontrolled, compulsive, and excessive use of alcoholic beverages– impairs drinker’s health/social relationshipsz 1 of 9 people who drink continues to alcoholism z causes include genetic influence, as well as environmental factors(Wechsler & others, 1994) (Ksir, Hart, & Ray, 2008) 3/25/200810Developmental Psychology63/25/200811Recovery from Alcoholismz A positive outcome and recovery from alcoholism are predicted by certain factors: – a strong negative experience related to drinking– finding a substitute dependency – having new social supports – joining an inspirational group (e.g., Alcoholics Anonymous) (Vaillant, 1992)3/25/200812Cigarette Smoking and Nicotine z Risks of smoking or being around those who do– Smoking is linked to cancer deaths, heart disease deaths, and chronic pulmonary disease – Nicotine-- the active drug in cigarettes -- is a stimulant that increases the smoker’s energy and alertness, a pleasurable and reinforcing experience– Five years after stopping smoking, health risk is lower than for people who continue to smoke(Naess & others, 2004) (U.S. Surgeon General’s Report, 1990)Developmental Psychology73/25/200813Sexualityz Emerging adulthood is a time when most individuals are “both sexually active and unmarried”– Casual sex is more common in emerging adulthood than in young adulthood – Individual’s sexual orientation—same-sex, heterosexual, or bisexual—is determined by a combination of genetic, hormonal, cognitive, and environmental factors3/25/200814Sexually Transmitted Infectionsz Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)…againsz Most prevalent STIs– bacterial infections - gonorrhea, syphilis, and chlamydia– viruses - genital herpes, genital warts, and HIV, which can lead to AIDS (National Center for Health Statistics, 2004)Developmental Psychology83/25/2008153/25/200816Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)z Changed sexual behavior and has created significant public fear – a sexually transmitted infection that destroys the body’s immune system– The virus breaks down and overpowers the immune system, which leads to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) – For an individual sick with AIDS, a common cold can be life-threatening(Strong & others, 2008)Developmental Psychology93/25/200817Protecting Yourself from STIsz Just asking a date about his or her sexual behavior does not guarantee protection from HIV and other sexually transmitted infections – Know your risk status as well as your partner’s– Obtain medical examinations – Have protected, not unprotected, sex – Avoid having sex with multiple partners (Emmers-Sommer & Allen, 2005) 3/25/200818Forcible Sexual Behavior and Sexual Harassmentz Sex often involves the exercise of power– Rape -- forcible sexual intercourse with a person who does not give consent z Male rapists share the following characteristics: – aggression enhances their sense of power or masculinity – they are angry at women in general– they want to hurt and humiliate their victims(Carroll, 2007) (Chiroro & others, 2004; Mahlstedt & Welsh, 2005)Developmental Psychology103/25/200819Rape Victimsz Rape is a traumatic experience– Victims initially feel shock and numbness and often are acutely disorganized– As victims strive to get their lives back to normal, they may experience depression, fear, anxiety, and increased substance use and/or sexual dysfunctions for months or years (Kilmartin & Allison, 2007) (McFarlane & others, 2005)3/25/200820Date Rapez Date or acquaintance rape -- coercive sexual activity directed at someone with whom the victim is at least casually acquainted – 2:3 college freshman women report having been date-raped or experienced attempted date rape – 2:3 college men admit that they fondle women against their will– 1:2 men admit to forcing sexual activity (Caron, 2007) (Watts & Zimmerman, 2002)Developmental Psychology113/25/2008213/25/200822Sexual Harassmentz Sexual harassment -- manifestation of power of one person over another– ranges from inappropriate sexual remarks and physical contact to blatant propositions and sexual assaults – may result in psychological consequences for the victimz Prevention -- to


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TAMU PSYC 307 - 3.25_b w

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Pages: 11
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