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TAMU PSYC 307 - 4.22_b w
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14/22/2008 1Erikson’s Final Stage • Integrity versus despair --reflecting on the past and either piecing together a positive view (integrity) or concluding that one’s life has not been well spent (despair)– Life review is an essential piece of this final stage• Life review -- looking back at one’s life experiences, evaluating them, interpreting and reinterpreting their significance4/22/2008 2Life Review?24/22/2008 3Activity Theory• Activity theory -- the more active and involved that older adults are, the more likely they are to be satisfied with their lives– Successful aging is associated with being active, energetic, and productive– Good experience with aging relates to continuing early adult roles or finding substitutes that keep them active and involved4/22/2008 4Socioemotional Selectivity Theory• Older adults become more selective about their social networks– Spend more time with familiar individuals with whom they have rewarding relationships– Challenges the stereotype that older adults are in emotional despair and isolation(Cartensen & Lockenhoff, 2004; Cartensen, Mikels & Mather, 2006)34/22/2008 54/22/2008 644/22/2008 7Selective Optimization with Compensation Theory• Developed by Paul Blates (1939-2006)• Coined the term “successful aging” (now called “optimal aging”)• Successful aging is linked with three main factors: – selection -- older adults have reduced capacity and overall loss of functioning– optimization-- it is possible to maintain performance in some areas through practice and use of new technologies – compensation-- becomes relevant when life tasks require a level of capacity beyond the current circumstances4/22/2008 8Stereotyping Older Adults• Ageism -- prejudice against others because of their age– Increased numbers living longer and healthier serve to debunk the stereotypes– Relevant to policy issues -- health care costs, caring for patients with chronic disease, eldercare (Hess, 2006; Rupp, Vodanhovich & Crede, 2005)See recent report in USA TODAY: http://www.usatoday.com/news/health/2008-04-21-life-span-study_N.htm?csp=3454/22/2008 9Eldercare• Traditionally done by middle-aged women in the family• With so many women in the work force, there is considerable concern regarding who will be caregivers– Eldercare-- physical and emotional caretaking of older members of the family– Generational inequality-- view that our society is being unfair to its younger members4/22/2008 10Generational Inequality• Raises questions about whether the young should be required to pay for the old–Income-- many older adults are poor (remember that gender and ethnicity also correlate with poverty)– Technology-- making adaptations is difficult; need to keep up with changes in technology (Internet, email, etc.)64/22/2008 11Lifestyle Diversity• Married older adults are happier and live longer than those who are single– There are social, financial, and physical consequences of divorce for older adults– Divorce weakens kinship ties– Negative social sanctions for elders who remarry4/22/2008 12Cohabitation• Increasing numbers!!– Goals are primarily for companionship– Not marrying allows for retention of personal assets74/22/2008 13Successful Aging• Even with disease, improvements in medicine mean older adults can still lead active constructive lives• Being active is especially important• Success involves perceived control of the environment (self-efficacy)(Topp, Fahlman & Boardley, 2004) (Mroczek, Spiro & Griffin,


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TAMU PSYC 307 - 4.22_b w

Type: Miscellaneous
Pages: 7
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