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TAMU PSYC 307 - 4.14_compact
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4/14/20091Chapter 7:Middle AdulthoodModule 7.1Physical Developmentin Middle Adulthood4/14/20092PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT IN MIDDLE ADULTHOOD4/14/20093Age Changesz What stays the same as we age? z What changes with age?4/14/20094Changes with age = Aging“Layers of Aging”– Socioeconomic– Cognitive– Spiritual– Biological functions4/14/200954/14/20096How is aging like or NOT like other social categories?z What are the “isms”? z Does ageism exist?4/14/20097Physical Transitions in Middle Adulthoodz Gradual psychological and emotional changes in body’s capabilities• Time when most people first become aware of gradual changes in body that mark aging process. z Depends in part on self-concept and lifestyle• Signs of aging they see in the mirror signal not just a reduction in their physical attractiveness, but also aging and mortality. 4/14/20098Height, Weight, and Strength: Benchmarks of Changez Height– Reach their maximum height during their 20s and remain relatively close to that height until around age 55.– Begin a “settling” process in which the bones attached to the spinal column become less dense. Although the loss of height is very slow, ultimately (after age 55) women average a 2-inch decline and men a 1-inch decline.– Women are more prone to a decline in height because they are at greater risk of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis, a condition in which the bones become brittle, fragile, and thin, is often brought about by a lack of calcium in diet.4/14/20099Osteoporosis4/14/200910Height, Weight, and Strength: Benchmarks of Changez Weight– Amount of body fat tends to grow in average person.– People who maintain exercise program tend to avoid obesity, as do individuals living in cultures where the typical life is more active and less sedentary.z Strength– Strength gradually decreases, particularly in the back and leg muscles. – By 60, people have lost, on average, about 10 percent of their maximum strength. 4/14/200911There was an old lady….z Society applies a double standard to men and women in terms of appearance– Older women tend to be viewed in unflattering terms– Aging men more frequently perceived as displaying a maturity that enhances status4/14/200912Sights and Sounds of Middle Agez Starting at age 40, visual acuity declines– Changing eye's lenses in shape and elasticity results in loss of near vision, called PRESBYOPIA– Declining depth perception and night visionz GLAUCOMA4/14/200913Do you hear what I hear?z PRESBYCUSIS– About 12 percent of people between 45 and 65 suffer from presbycusis– Men more prone to hearing loss –Sound localization is diminished4/14/200914Reaction time: Not-so-slowing Downz Decreases slightly in middle adulthoodz Improves or compensated for by being more careful and practicing the skillz Exercise can slow this loss4/14/200915“Use It or Lose It”4/14/200916Sexuality During Middle Agez Frequency of sexual intercourse decreases with age– Sexual activities remain a vital part of most middle-aged adults’ lives– Adults have more freedom– Women no longer need to practice birth control4/14/200917Sexual Intercoursez Men typically need more time to get an erection – Volume of fluid in ejaculation declines– Production of testosterone also declinesz In women, walls of the vagina become less elastic and thinner– Vagina shrinks, potentially making intercourse painful4/14/200918Female Climatericz Starting about age 45, transition from being able to bear children to being unable to do soz Lasting about 15 to 20 yearsz MENOPAUSE4/14/200919Menopausez Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT)z Women's expectations about menopause relate to their experience of menopause– Variations by race and culture4/14/200920From Research to PracticeThe Dilemma of Hormone TherapyEstrogen and progesterone administered to alleviate menopausal symptomsCONz Increases risk of breast cancer and blood clots z higher risk for pulmonary embolism and heart diseasePROz Changes ratio of “good”cholesterol to “bad”cholesterolz Decreases thinning of bonesz Associated with reduced risks of stroke and colon cancerz Cognitive advantagesz Enhances sex drive4/14/200921What do you think?z How might the fact that the medical advice of experts on hormone therapy has changed frequently over the last decade affect women’s decisions about what course of action to follow?z What are the most important factors a woman should take into account in deciding whether or not to embark on a course of hormone therapy?4/14/200922The Psychological Consequences of Menopausez Early research– Menopause was linked directly to depression, anxiety, crying spells, lack of concentration, and irritabilityz Current research– Normal part of aging that does not, by itself, produce psychological symptomsz Effects influenced by personal and cultural expectations of menopause4/14/200923Male Climactericz Male changes during middle age – Period of physical and psychological change relating to male reproductive system that occurs during late middle age.– Enlargement of the prostate gland– Problems with urination, including difficulty starting to urinate and frequent need to urinate during nightz Men still produce sperm and can father children through middle age4/14/200924HEALTH4/14/200925Health and Wellnessz American College of Sports Medicine and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention– At least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity daily:z Reduces risk of heart disease, osteoporosis, weight gain, and hypertensionz Provides psychological benefits of sense of control and well-being4/14/200926Did you know?z Vast majority of people in middle age– Face no chronic health difficulties– Fewer accidents and infections4/14/200927Chronic Diseases in Middle Adulthoodz Arthritis typically begins after age 40z Diabetes is most likely to occur in people between the ages of 50 and 60z Hypertension (high blood pressure) is one of the most frequent chronic disorders found in middle age4/14/2009284/14/200929Table 7-1, continued4/14/200930Gender Differencesz During middle age, women experience more non-life threatening illnesses than men but men experience more serious illnesses– Women smoke less; drink less alcohol; have less dangerous jobsz Medical research has typically studied diseases of men with all male samples; the medical community is only now beginning to study women's health issues4/14/200931What are the consequences of stress in middle


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TAMU PSYC 307 - 4.14_compact

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