IPHY 2420 1nd Edition Lecture 25Outline of Last Lecture – November 5, 20141. Ovarian Cancer1. Treatments for Cancer2. New Approaches to Cancer Treatment3. Pancreatic Cancer4. Consequences of Cancer (Cancer Cahexia) 5. Medications For Cancer6. Prevention of Cancer Outline of Current Lecture – November 7, 2014Skin Cancer1. Structure of the Skin2. Basal Cell Carcinoma (Non-Melanoma)3. Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Non-Melanoma)4. Melanoma5. Risk Factors6. Signs of Melanoma (ABCDE’S) of Moles7. Who it affects? 8. Sunscreen Types9. Other Preventative StrategiesCurrent Lecture:Skin Cancer- Most common in US- 1 in 5 Americans- Higher rates then breast prostate lung and colon cancer. 1. Structure of the Skin- Squamous Cells: Interior (non-melanoma cancer – less deadly!)- Melanin: Pigmintation for moles and skin (cancer develops in melanocyte) - Basal Skin: Exterior (non-melanoma cancer – less deadly!)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.2. Basal Cell Carcinoma (Non-Melanoma)- Most common form of skin cancer appears on sun-expose areas of body. (Areas that get too much sun!)- The areas that get basal cell carcinoma have sores on there faces that do not heal (different than a normal sore) - The body cannot heal it. Mainly on face and neck but you can also get it on the back of your leg, or other body parts – because the cancer is in your body. The sore doesn’t always show up where the most exposed area.- Intermittent exposure to UVR – recreational exposure (not wearing sunscreen)3. Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Non-Melanoma) - Second most common type of skin cancer- Low death rates- Most often on face- scaly red hard nodule that may split apart and bleed.- Dry and cracked sores – distinctive looking ulcerate- Chronic UVR radiation exposure “Occupational exposure” – construction workers, peopleworking outside, predictable type of cancer4. Melanoma- Least common type but highest death rates- Comes on quickly, and metises and causes secondary area for cancer- Most common type of cancer for 15-29 year olds- May appear as an existing mole that has changed appearance or as a new mole- Intermittent UVR radiation exposure. - Stages of Melanoma: o Stage 0: Cancer in one place – not moving or spreading 99.9% Survivalo Stage 1-2: Lesions that have not spreado Stage 3: Tumor has spread beyond original site to lymph nodes 24-70% survivalo Stage 4: Metastases to distant lymph nodes (internal organs) Lungs are most commonly affected (lung cancer) also seen in liver, brain and GI tract. 7-19% survival5. Risk Factors: - Ultraviolet Radiation: - UVA causes agingo Are less intense but tend to do more damage.o Deep penetration of skin – even intensity all dayo Can penetrate clouds and glass (driving in a car) o Causes skin to get thicker, gain collagen – leathery and dark quality. - UVB causes burningo Cause superficial skin damage – looks red, skin burned and hurts!o Intensity varies by season, location and time of day. o Strongest rays between 10AM to 4 PM- Tanning Beds: o Primarily emit UVA radiation – 75% chance to develop melanoma when use starts before the age of 35o 2.5 more likely to develop Basalo 1.5 more likely to develop Squamous o Tanning beds also have other carcinogens- Genetic Predisposition:o Skin Phenotype: Fair skin = less melanin production and higher risk. o Family History: Gene CDKN2A – 35% to 40% of families have 3 or more melanoma cases. o Many or atypical moles (more than 50) 6. Signs of Melanoma (ABCDE’S) of Moles:- A – Asymmetry: Top and the bottom are symmetrical and similar in size. A typical mole you can draw a straight line through. - B – Border: Even borders are typical, be aware of non-even boarders. - C – Color: Healthy moles are generally one healthy color – multiple colors mean lots of activity and unhealthy. - D – Diameter: If the mole is large then ¼ of an inch (a pencil eraser) if is bigger that is a warning sign of cancer. - E – Evolution: Mole or freckle has been changing – migration, moving together, moving apart or congregating. 7. Who it affects?- 18-29 year olds are most common- Higher prevalence of sunburns due to higher elevation and total number of sunlight hours (Colorado)- When detected early – skin cancer is the easiest type of cancer to treat!!8. Sunscreen Types- SPF: Sun protective factor, how fast will it take the UVB rays to redden the skin when using this product. (EX. SPF 15 – takes the skin 15 times longer to redden then without sunscreen)- SPF 15 or higher is necessary for adequate protection – after SPF 30 any higher sunscreen is only 1% change in acceptance of UVB rays.- “Broad” or “Multi” spectrum sunscreens protect against UVB and UVA Rays- Sunscreen use:o Will stop you from absorbing Vitamin D – be carefulo Apply 30 min before sun exposure so it can soak ino Reapply every 2 hours regardless of SPFo Reapply especially after swimming or excessive sweating9. Other Preventative Strategies:- Cover up all skin with clothing, sunglasses, hats etc..- Limit Sun Exposure (10AM-4PM) Seek the shade! - Examine yourself head to toe every month- See your physician for a skin exam- STAY AWAY FROM TANNING