IPHY 2420 1st Edition Lecture 35Outline of Last Lecture - December 5, 20141. Obesity and Surgery 2. Obesity Exacerbating Conditions3. Other Issues With Obesity4. Gut Microbiota5. What can you do to lose Weight?6. What if you can’t loose Weight?Outline of Current Lecture – December 8, 2014 Providing protein for an expanding human population:Current Lecture:1. AQUACULTURE2. COMMERCIALLY FARMED FISH3. THE BLUE REVOLUTION4. OTHER TYPES OF FISH FARMING5. WHY FISH?6. INSECTS AS FOOD SOURCE7. ISSUES: The Pro’s and Con’sProviding protein for an expanding human population: Increasing Demand- By 2050 we will need to feed 2 billion more peopleHOW?1. AQUACULTURE:a. The world now produces more farmed fish than beef.b. 14x increase since 1980 – now at 70 million tonsc. Population Growth – lot more people are getting rich (china and India – they are asking for protein when they haven’t before_d. Income Growthe. Seafood’s heart-healthy reputation – omega 3f. Additional 35% increase projected in next 20 years.2. COMMERCIALLY FARMED FISHa. Global catch of wild fish stagnant – we overfishedb. We need more protein (but not from wild fish)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.c. Concerns about feedlot industry in ocean.3. THE BLUE REVOLUTIONa. 90% of farmed fish/seafood are from Asia.b. Tropical Mangroves destroyed shrimp farms. - c. Agricultural pollution-Nit/phos/dead fishd. Densities – antibiotics and pesticides.e. Banned for use in the U.S.f. U.S. imports 90% of seafood. – 2% is inspected; found numerous banned substances ---Like?g. Tilapia, carp, catfish- fast growing.: often grown in unhealthy way.h. Ancient art of aquaculture – thousands of yearsi. Density and intensification – lower quality of fish. j. Feeding the Fish to grow quickly vs. omega 3’s – corn meal is the cheapest, this causes them to have 0mega 6 which is bad. k. Grains vs. fish (anchovies/fish oil/ sardines)- then produces omega 3. l. 70% of the worlds fish mean and 90% is fish oil – goes to feeding fish so they produce omega 3. 4. OTHER TYPES OF FISH FARMING:a. Atlantic Salmon Industry – densely packed pens in oceansb. Norway, Scotland, Chile, Patagoniac. Parasites, pollution, disease (sea lice, oil spills)d. Open water – best option temp wash away poo vs. tanks – southeast us…must beby lake for fresh water vs. on land – worry about oxygen and parasitese. NO GOOD WAY TO GROW FISH> 5. WHY FISH?a. Fish need fewer calories to create a pound of food than other species – efficient b. Cold blooded- don’t have to keep them warm – food equals musclec. Buoyant environment – not working against gravity. d. 1lb food = 1lb fish (3lb pork, 7lb beef)e. Aquaponics: use nitrogen as link between aquatic and terrestrial systems throughsymbiotic interaction. Using nitrogen from poop to raise plants. – Scale size problem6. INSECTS AS FOOD SOURCE:a. 1900 edible insects on earth b. 2 billion people eat them daily (raw or cooked)c. Only the West has the “ick” factor – eating bugs is gross.d. ENTOMOPHOLOGY: The consumption of insects as food. New United Nations report urges their consumptione. 36/Africa - 23 Americans – 29 Asia - 11 Europe7. WHY INSECTS?a. Rising cost of animal proteinb. Environmental pressuresc. Population growthd. Efficient conversion of energye. Increased demand for protein among middle class.f. MEALWORMS: protein mineral and vitamin content similar to fish.g. GRASSHOPPERS: As much protein as beef but less fat.h. BEETLES: More protein then other insects – Native Americans eat them like popcorn over coalsi. BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS: Pupil stage- full of protein and iron so eaten by children and pregnant women.j. ANTS: 100G=14 g protein (more than eggs) also high in calcium and iron.k. AVALIBILTY: Insect powder – clean pressure cooked bugs to create “Cricket Flour”each bag has 70g of protein (as much as beef) as much calcium as milk, as much Vitamin B12 as salmon and 17 amino acids including Lysine. (Toasty nutty flavor)8. ISSUES: The Pro’s and Con’sa. PRO: Less water, less pollution, methane (cows burp out methane which is bad for ozone level- most of the methane in the world is by cows.) , land useb. CON: Cleanliness (cooking), spoilage –eggs spoil easy, pesticides and insecticides, toxicity.c. OTHER PROTIEN SOURCES: Soybeans, tofu, quinoa – only complete, beans, lentils, and