IPHY 2420 1nd Edition Lecture 3Outline of Last Lecture – I. Digestiona. Mouth – Large IntestineII. Chapter 4 Vocab Outline of Current Lecture –I. DiarrheaII. VomitingIII. Heartburn/GERDIV. Peptic UlcerV. IBSVI. Crohn’s Disease VII. Celiac DiseaseCurrent LectureDIARRHEA: Frequent and loose bowel movements. The colon is not absorbing the water, something is wrong with the large intestine.Causes: bacterial or viral (can only be treated by antibiotic if it is bacterial)Treatment: Over the Counter medicationIssue: Loosing sodium, potassium, electrolytes etc. …Body has to replace fluid that is lost. Immediate treatment should be sought if severe diarrhea in infants and elderly because weaker immune system and less body mass, more to lose. VOMITING: Contractions of abdominal muscles to expel toxic stomach and duodenal contents. Causes: Ingestion of toxic substances, intense pain, head injury, motion sickness, pregnancy, or touching back of the throat. Treatment: Avoid solid food and carbonated beverages. Prevent dehydration by drinking more.Contact physician: If signs of dehydration are present and lasts longer then a few hours for children, and few days for adults. Also warning signs: blood in vomit, signs of dehydration, diarrhea, head ache or stiff neck, abdominal pain, confusion or decreased alertness (brain is starved for sugars/glucose), fever.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.HEARTBURN/GERD: Growing pain or burning in upper chest from stomach acid entering esophagus. 50% of adults – Gastric reflexCauses: Pregnancy, overweight, overeating, smoking, tight belts or waistbands, certain foods. Cigarettes: Produce MORE gastric acid, produces LESS bicarbonate (to neutralized acid), makes drugs for heartburn LESS effective.PEPTIC ULCER: Sore in lining of stomach or duodenum.Symptoms: Deep dull upper abdominal pain, 2 hours after eating, often caused byHelicobacter pylori. We all have this in us but it is activated by stress and then it burrows into side of mucus and makes a hole. Immune system constantly fights HPylori but when we are stressed we use immune system energy elsewhere. Treatment: Antibiotics to eliminate HPyloriAvoidance of aggravating foods – once HPylori is eliminated you still have a hole, when the ulcer bleeds then poop looks like coffee grounds – go to hospital IMMEDIATELY!!! That is old blood. Eat BRAT food: Banana’s, Rice, Apples, Toast. All you eat for 6 weeks. They are all basic foods and sore in stomach can heal. ONLY EATING brat, water and milk.Increase risks of HPylori:NSAIDs (Advil)Alcohol ConsumptionGeneticsSmokingEmotional StressExcess acid productionIrritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): IBS: intestinal cramps, and abnormal bowel function (diarrhea to constipation) most common in 20-30 year olds. IBS there is not a constant irritant, unknown causes, effects 10-30% of adults. Ache, crampy, running to bathrooms. Unknown causes? – Linked to stress.Treatment includes: Stress management, massages, possible eliminations such as dairy products beans and certain veggies and fruit. Crohn’s Disease: Most causes occur in the small intestine, where nutrient absorption is affected. Flare up and remission. Body starts making deep cuts in intestine and creates scar tissue around cuts- doing this causes a loss of absorption area, scar’s thicken/surgery/intestinal cancer.Nutrition therapy: Aggressive dietary management: protein/energy/liquid suppl. Nutrient, vitamins, supplements under a doctors care. (Ensure) Celiac Disease: A genetically (you either have it or you don’t) based abnormal immune response to a protein fraction in wheat gluten. Gluten causes severe intestinal damage and malabsorption. 1% of population affected, autoimmune disorder. Life-time adherence!Celiac Panel: Measure immune’s system response to gluten in food. (Blood test to see if you have celiac) Physical consequences:- Absorption surfaces – villa flattened.- Reduction in surface area- Malabsorption of nutrients/anemia/poor growth- Skin issues Microvilli as coral reefs - gluten flattens them and you can only absorb 50% of the food you eat. Kids with celiac are not growing because they are not absorbing food. Long term effects:- Celiac can kill you: no transition zone for nutrients- Intestinal cancer- Lymphatic cancer- Osteoporosis- Organ disorders- Nervous system- LIFE THREATING If they stop eating gluten then microvilli grow back but you have to be very