IPHY 2420 1st Edition Lecture 33Outline of Last Lecture - December 1, 20141. Epigenetics2. Bioactive Food Components3. Future Generations4. The Dutch Hunger Winter5. Relationships with other Starvation eventsOutline of Current Lecture – December 3, 20141. HUNGER IN AMERICA2. Food Insecurity3. Pattern of Malnutrition4. US Programs to Address Food Security5. Private Food Sources6. 3 Step Burden7. What does $10.00 Buy?8. Food Desert9. Effects of Hunger10. SolutionsCurrent Lecture: 1. HUNGER IN AMERICA- Americans don’t like to talk about hunger- we are suppose to be the land of plenty- 1968 Video – Hunger in America (first time we discussed hunger) : we spend 1.5 billion dollars a year to feed the rest of the world. 30 Million Americans Hungry – 3 federal foodprograms – Mexican Americans in San Antonio. WAKE UP CALL FOR AMERICANS. - 48 Million Americans in 2012- 5x higher then in 1960.- 57% increase since late 1990’sThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- 1:6 Americans vs. 1:20 Europeans – we over produce food in America and export it to other countries. - Why are so many people hungry in the worlds richest country??- Who are hungry in America? (2004)o The working poor – working but not enough to pay bills and eat amounto Underemployed/Unemployedo Migrant Farmers – paid for how much food you pick, when you are sick you don’tget paid.o Undocumented workers – no rightso Elderly- Loss wages, social security, medicines are expensiveo Homeless – no constant incomeo Children – no constant income- Association of hunger: really hungry, skinny, dirty people. This isn’t the truth. The hungrypeople are Americans not having enough money to pay for basic needs. Most people who are hungry ARE STILL WORKING- just for insufficient wages. - NOW in 2014 who is hungry?o Married personso Clothedo Housed – credit cardo Overweighto American Hunger looks differento WAGES HAVEN’T KEPT UP WITH COST OF LIVINGo 2/3 of families who are hungry have at least one person working, typically a full time job. - 1 in 7 Americans are on food stamps – 46 Million Americans2. Food Insecurity- The new word for hunger – established by the government: Any household where duringthe previous year people did not have enough to eat. - Occurs when availability of nutritionally adequate food and safe food or ability to get food in a socially acceptable way is limited or uncertain. (Not socially acceptable: Dumpster diving, stealing…)3. Pattern of Malnutrition:1. Worry about how to get enough food2. Stretch resources – more money to other expenses and less to food. Americans only spend 10% of income on food and we have the cheapest food in the world.3. Quality and variety of food decreases – cheap filling foods. 4. Adults eat less and less food.5. Children eat less and less food.- When they are deciding if you qualify for food stamps they measure light, moderate and severe food security –  Light: Often, sometimes don’t have enough money to buy more food Moderate: Didn’t eat because you couldn’t afford food. Severe: Did any of the children not eat?4. US Programs to Address Food Security- SNAP- National School Lunch Program- School Breakfast Program – Kids eat 2/3 of nutrition needed to grow at school every day.- Special Milk Program- WIC- Food distribution Program on Indian Reservations – Commodities Program- Elderly Nutrition Program – Meals on Wheels- Summer Food Service Programs – Children cannot get 2/3 of nutrients at school during summer.- Disaster Food Program 5. Private Food Sources- Soup Kitchens- Religious Organizations – gives dinner and bus pass, churches organize which church provides dinner which night.- Food Pantries- Home Delivery Meals6. 3 Step Burden- POVERTY- HUNGER- MALNUTRITION- Limits access to medical care- Discourages educational and personal advancement – lack of food changes time scale, if you wonder how am I going to eat today? How can you think about a 4 year degree? - Change in Time Scale- The poverty obesity paradox: How can someone be obsess and hungry at the same time? o Overconsumption of calories – empty calories/density calories not nutritional calories – simple sugars, high fat, HFCSo Food Quality: VERY LOWo Crop Subsidies: Food is based on US access to corn – Hamburger is only $1o Overeating when food is unavailable – eat faster and this causes obesity.o Physiological Changes – starvation causes body to hold onto calories more easily – thrifty gene. 7. What does $10.00 Buy?- Big Mac, French Fries, Parfait, Three Cookies, Large Soft Drink = 2000 calories UNHEALTHY- Half Gallon of Milk, half pound of green beans, dinner rolls, bell pepper, bananas =1380 Calories- EATING UNHEALHY = MORE CALORIES 8. Food Desert- Urban neighborhoods and rural towns without access to fresh healthy and affordable food- Instead of supermarkets communities are food by fast food stores and convince stores- Eating unhealthy causes diabetes, this is expensive to treat…. circle problem9. Effects of Hunger- Iron, zinc protein antioxidants = lack of meat fruits and veggies- Vegetables only at start of month – start of month is more money- Stress from unexpected bills – seasons, diseases- ADHD or hunger? Inability to focus in school?- Hoarding and stealing- Easting too quickly when food is available. 10. Solutions:- Aquaponics – growing plants under fish and fish poo becomes fertilizer- Food co-ops: cheaper- Sponsorship Boxes: Buying boxes for food,- Big Store Grocery Delivery: Helps people without cars- Mobile Produce Trucks: CTA Bus lets people get on bus and buy