IPHY 2420 1nd Edition Lecture 2Outline of Last Lecture – I. Make-Up of the BodyII. Review of the SystemsOutline of Current Lecture – I. Digestiona. Mouth – Large IntestineII. Chapter 4 Vocab Current LectureDIGESTION: 1. Mouth – Specialized teeth, chemical and mechanical digestion.2. Stomach – Muscular pouch with stretch receptors, gastroesophageal & pyloric sphincter.3. Small Intestine – Nutrients are absorbed & digested – Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.4. Appendix – No longer vestigial, absorbs good nutrients but can get full of bacteria and cause appendicitis.5. Liver – Over 500 functions. Process/store nutrients & vitamins, makes cholesterol & bile.6. Gallbladder – Stores bile that aids in fat digestion.7. Pancreas – Produces & secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate ions.8. Large Intestine – Colon & rectum, absorb water & minerals for 12-14 hours Colon reclaims water.Chapter 4 Vocab: 1. Homeostasis: the tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium. Maintained by physiological processes, body desires to return to homeostasis. (Interrupted by: dehydration, fever and open wound etc.)2. GI Tract: Muscular tube that extends from mouth to anus. The GI Tract transports nutrients into blood and then into cells.3. Bioavailability: The extent to which digestive tract can absorb nutrients and how well thebody uses them. When you are sick you have low bioavailability.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.4. Mechanical Digestion: Food in the mouth is chewed and broken down into smaller pieces, chewing increases surface area and to digest quicker and easier. 5. Chemical Digestion: Silvia mixes and lubricates food. Amylase breaks down starch and lipase breaks down fat. 6. Peristalsis: When food leaves the mouth muscular contractions move the food through the esophagus and food is squeezed into the stomach.7. Stretch Receptors: In the stomach, tell your body when you are full. 8. Gastroesophageal Sphincter: Flap between stomach and esophagus that determines if food goes into the stomach. Seals so that chyme doesn’t come back up and burn throat. 9. Chyme: Mixture of acidic gastric juices that start food digestion.10. Mucus: Lines the stomach to protect it from acidic chyme. 11. Pyloric Sphincter: Controls rate of chyme released into small intestine. 12. Bicarbonate Ions: The body sprays food with bicarbonate to make acid neutral before moving it from stomach into small intestine.13. Villi: Projections that line the small intestine. The transition zone between digestion system and the blood. Long surface area of villi results in faster absorption. 14. Absorptive Cells: Remove nutrients from chyme and transfer them into intestinal blood and lymph. 15. Hemorrhoid: Veins build up and blow out – on the rectum.16. Diverticulitis: Pockets in the large intestine – sometimes food and bacteria gets caught and causes infection. Fiber is best way to clean out pockets and keep from getting
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