IPHY 2420 1nd Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Last Lecture:N/AOutline of Current Lecture –I. Make-Up of the BodyII. Review of the SystemsCurrent LectureMake up of the Body: Cell – Smallest functional structure in a living organism (cells have a constant demand forfood & water and dispose of waste)Organelles – Structures within cells that perform specialized tasks. Tissue – Collection of smaller cells that hold organs together.Organ – Collection of tissues that perform specific functions. (ex. Liver performs 500 functions)System – Collection of organs that work together to perform major functions. Review of the Systems: Cardiovascular System: This system circulates blood through the body. Made up of arteries and veins. Arteries are under pressure and carry blood that has oxygen away from the heart. Veins carry un-oxygenated blood back to the heart to get re-oxygenated.Respiratory System: Main function is to put oxygen into the blood. The lungs enable body to exchange gases (oxygen & carbon dioxide) Waste product is carbon dioxide.Lymphatic System: Main Function to maintain fluid balance and defend body against diseases. Located inthe armpits and throat. The lymphatic system absorbs fat-soluble nutrients in order to defend body against disease. White blood cells cause lymph nodes to swell and movement is through the blood.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Urinary System: The kidneys, bladder, ureters and urethra are part of this system. Kidney’s filter unneeded substances to maintain proper fluid balance, the kidney will filter your blood 300 times in a day and if it fails the only alternative is a dialysis machine, humans have had a difficult time creating a kidney replacement. The bladder stores urine until elimination. The urine also lets us know if we are dehydrated by smell and color.Muscular System: This system enables movement. The muscular system provides support and protectionand moves blood to keep us healthy. The heart is a muscle and muscular contractions push blood back up veins into the heart and brain. Skeletal System: Main Function is to provide support, movement and protection to body. Bones are made up of calcium and phosphate. The marrow in the bones also produces red blood cells; these cells transport oxygen through the body. Nervous System: This system gives the body a constant status report on the body’s homeostasis. The nervous system transmits information through the cells, brain and spinal cord by using electrical and chemical information. Endocrine System: This system produces estrogen and testosterone. The endocrine system is a set of organs and tissues that produce testosterone and estrogen in male and females.Integumentary System: This system makes up coverings on the body. Covering are skin, hair and nails, allwhich protect us from disease. Reproductive System: The only system in the body not necessary for life. This system allows us to produce
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