IPHY 2420 1nd Edition Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture I. DiarrheaII. VomitingIII. Heartburn/GERDIV. Peptic UlcerV. IBSVI. Crohn’s Disease VII. Celiac DiseaseOutline of Current Lecture – I. MacronutrientsII. What They DoIII. Types, Kinds and FunctionsIV. Classifying Amino Acids: V. Proteins in Food & Body:Current Lecture:Macronutrients- Protein: - 1909-1919 mostly just grains- Since 2005 its mostly meat, reflects how good we are doing as a nation- Complex organic molecules, composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen- Proteins contain nitrogen- MADE OF AMINO ACIDS – incredibly functional and important. Your immune system breaks down from lack of protein.- The human body has an estimated 200,000 different proteins. What do they do: 1) New cells – building blocks of muscles2) Structure in hair and nails.3) EnzymesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.4) Lubricants5) Clotting Compounds6) Antibodies7) Maintain fluid and pH balance8) Certain hormones and neurotransmitters9) Energy source (not preferred function)Types, Kinds & Functions3 types of Proteins:1) Structural- cartilage, ligaments, bone, hair etc. 2) Contractile – enables muscles to move3) Pigment – Melanin determines color of hair, eyes, and skin. 4) Clotting- Needed for blood clot- sealing off wound to stop infectionKinds of Proteins:1) Hormones- Chemical messengers- regulates body processes and responses. Eex: insulin and glucagon – break down sugars – regulate blood sugar2) Enzymes: Compounds that speed up chemical reactions without becoming part of the products.Functions of Proteins:1) Moving oxygen around the body - Transport proteins, aid in fluid balance. Swollen tissue: edema – lack of protein so water is not distributed and skin swells: restricts movement or causes damage.Classifying Amino Acids: Essential: Cannot be made by the body, must come from food9 of 20 amino acids must be supplied by dietNonessential: Can be made by the body. 11 of the 20 amino acids made by the body.Proteins in Food & Body:No real food is 100% protein; nearly all foods contain some protein. Animal foods have more than plant foods with exception of seeds, tree nuts and legumes. Ex. Soybeans, peas, peanuts, lentils and beansQuinoa: Nutty grain – only plant food with 9 essential amino acid. All animal products have all 9 essential amino acids.150 lbs. person needs 60g of protein a day. One piece of chicken: 30 Bananas: 1 rice: 4 eggs: 6 bagel: 7… Americans over eat protein because we focus on it, we really don’t need to because we can get protein in most of our foods.What happens to Protein in the body?Cells assemble the 20 amino acids in specific sequences according to information provided by your DNA. Amino acid connected by peptides: chain of 15 amino acids. Connected by polypeptide to make chain of 50 amino acids. Protein denaturation: everything in your body must be broken down into its monomer state – it is small enough to make it through villi, WHAT IS THE MONEMAR STATE: amino acid- we change shape and function of protein, broken down using heat, alcohol, acid, and physical agitation. - Heat – raw eggs- Acidic lemon juice curdles milk- Hydrochloric acid - Whipping food – eggs- Denaturation- can never be put back in original
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