IPHY 2420 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide AND ANSWER KEYOrder the terms below from smallest to largest:1. System2. Cell3. Tissue4. Organelles5. OrganMATCH THE TERMS BELOW1. Cardiovascular System 2. Respiratory System 3. Lymphatic System 4. Urinary System 5. Muscular System 6. Skeletal System 7. Nervous System 8. Endocrine System 9. Integumentary System 10. Reproductive System A. Main function is to put oxygen into the bloodB. Main Function to maintain fluid balance and defend body against diseases.C. Main Function is to provide support, movement and protection to body.D. The kidneys, bladder, ureters and urethra are part of this system.E. This system circulates blood through the body.F. This system produces estrogen and testosterone.G. This system makes up coverings on the body.H. This system gives the body a constant status report on the body’s homeostasis. I. The only system in the body not necessary for life. J. This system enables movement.Number the following by the order they happen during digestion and name primary function: ___ Small Intestine___ Liver___ Mouth___ Pancreas___ Stomach___ Appendix___ Large Intestine ___ GallbladderDefine the following terms:1. Homeostasis:2. GI Tract: 3. Bioavailability: 4. Mechanical Digestion5. Chemical Digestion6. Peristalsis:7. Chyme:8. Mucus:9. Gastroesophageal Sphincter10. Pyloric Sphincter:11. Villi12. Absorptive Cells13. Hemorrhoid14. Diverticulitis 15. Stretch Receptors:16. Bile: 17. Bicarbonate Ions:MATCH THE TERMS BELOW1. Diarrhea 2. Vomiting 3. Heartburn/GERD 4. Peptic Ulcer 5. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) 6. Crohn’s Disease 7. Celiac Disease A. Deep cuts are made in small intestine and covered by scar tissue, major loss of cell nutrient absorption. This can condition can further lead to intestinal cancer. Treated by aggressive dietary management, vitamin supplements and sometimessurgery. B. Frequent and loose bowel movements, issues with colon’s absorption of water and greater issues with large intestine. Body lacks proper sodium, potassium and electrolytes. Treated by over the counter medication. C. Sore in Lining of stomach or duodenum. Overactive HPylori causes dull upper abdominal pain after eating. Treated by antibiotics that eliminate HPylori. D. A genetic disease based on abnormal immune response to gluten. Flattened villi cannot absorb nutrients and this causes malabsorption. Long -term effects can be intestinal cancer, lymphatic cancer, osteoporosis, and organ disorders. E. Intestinal cramps and abnormal bowel function. Most common in 20-30 year oldsand commonly linked to stress. F. Growing pain or burning in upper chest from stomach due to acid entering esophagus. Common in 50% of adults caused by pregnancy, overeating, smoking etc. G. Contractions of abdominal muscles to expel toxic stomach duodenal contents.Fill in the Blank (word bank on next page)1. Cartilage, ligaments, bones and hair are categorized as _____________ proteins. 2. _______ proteins enable muscles to move. 3. Melanin determines color of hair, eyes and skin through _______ proteins.4. _____ proteins seal off wounds and stop infection. 5. _________ are chemical messengers that regulate body responses such as insulin and glucagon. This protein breaks down sugars and regulates blood sugar.6. These compounds speed up chemical reactions without becoming part of the product:_______.7. _________ are the monomer state of proteins.8. After protein __________ the protein can never be put back in its original state.9. Amino acids are connected by ______ that create a chain of ____ amino acids. When they are connected by______ they make up a chain of _____.Word Bank: Amino Acids Polypeptides Pigment Structural Contractile DenaturationClotting 50Enzymes Hormones15 StructuralTRUE OR FALSE:1. Carbohydrates are the body’s main source of energy. 2. Plants use the sun’s energy to combine carbon oxygen and nitrogen to form carbohydrates. 3. Glucose, fructose and Glactose are examples of simple carbohydrates.4. Maltose, Sucrose and Lactose are monosaccharaides. 5. Polysacharides are easier to break down than monosaccharides because they have 2+ parts. 6. Alternative sweeteners are not absorbed well and may cause diarrhea. 7. Alternative sweeteners do not cause tooth decay or an insulin reaction. 8. Complex carbohydrates are worse than simple carbohydrates because they do not prevent heart disease and are typically sugar. 9. Starch is a polysaccharide. 10. Polysaccharides are a good source of fiber and give us energy. 11. Gycogen is stored in the liver & muscles and is where humans store extra carbs for energy. 12. Fiber is a simple carbohydrate. 13. Soluble Fiber cannot be broken down where insoluble fiber can be broken down. 14. High fiber diets protect against colorectal cancer because fiber removes cancer cells by scraping them off walls. 15. Fiber increases fat and cholesterol levels in the body.16. Scouring, bulking and absorbing are the main functions of finer. 17. High fiber foods are filling, resulting in weight control through satiety. 18. Grain contains bran, which has vitamins and super energy. 19. Grain contains endosperm, which provides energy.COMPLETE THE CHART:Maintaining Blood Glucose Levels:HORMONE WHEN SECRETED Action on GlucoseInsulin Pancreas releases insulin and there is an uptake of sugar by cells-Blood glucose decreaseMATCH THE TERMS BELOW:1. Ketone Bodies 2. Ketosis3. Hypoglycemia 4. Reactive Hypoglycemia 5. Type 1 Diabetes 6. Type 2 Diabetes 7. Lactose Intolerance 8. Glycemic Index 9. Glycemic Load 10. Controlling Diabetes A. Gram of carbs in a serving of food multiplied by the foods glycemic index. B. Most common type of diabetes resulting from insulin resistant cells.C. When your body does not use sugars properly and the result is abnormally low blood glucose levels. D. Blood glucose drops after eating refined carbs, the pancreas responds to the carb intake by secreting excess insulin. E. The result when Beta cells stop making insulin. Most common in youth and children. F. The opposite of homeostasis, when the body breaks down fat over glucose. Symptoms include fruity breath.G. Daily self testing, maintaining healthy body weight and special diets.H. Form as a result of incomplete fat break down putting body in a constant state of stress, very dangerous.I. Method of classifying carb-rich food by comparing the rise of blood glucose.J. The inability to digest