PSYC 107 1st Edition Lecture #19 – Intelligence and IQOutline of Last Lecture I. Interferencea. Retroactiveb. Proactive II. Memoryi. Maintenance rehearsal ii. Elaborate rehearsalIII. Heuristicsa. This is the rule of thumbi. It is a shortcut that the brain uses 1. Anchoring2. Representativeness3. AvailabilityOutline of Current LectureI. Intelligence 1. Steven Wiltshire – traditional intelligence theory.b. Psychometric approach (Spearman’s view of intelligence)c. Cattell1. Fluid2. CrystallizedII. Triarchic theoryIII. CreativityIV. How do we measure intelligencea. Binet b. Stanford-Bineti. IQ – Intelligence quotientV. Army Testinga. Army Alpha was the first group administered testb. Army Beta was the version made for people who could not read EnglishLecture 19 NotesI. Intelligencea. The ability to learn from experience, solve problems and adapt to new situations. i. It is not enough to know stuff, you have to use it and apply it.1. Steven Wiltshire – traditional intelligence theory.b. Psychometric approach (Spearman’s view of intelligence)i. G1. G is the general intelligence factor2. This explains why people are good at a lot of different stuff.ii. S1. Specific informational skills that are needed for narrow domains of skill. iii. How does G affect S?1. Smarter people take more away from their experiences. 2. We think about it3. Job performance is usually higher.c. Cattelli. He proposed the idea of fluid and crystallized intelligence. 1. Fluida. Basic power of reasoning and problem solving. i. MacGyver2. Crystallizeda. Specific knowledge that we gain by applying fluid intelligence. Fluid tends to decrease with age as crystallized actually increases. i. Old peopleii. Old people have better knowledge about stuff than they do about problem solving. II. Triarchic theorya. B. Sternbergi. 3 components1. Analytic – ability to solve problems and control intelligence.2. Creative – special skills that you create like writing, painting. 3. Practical – street smarts. III. Creativitya. Key ingredients:i. Expertise – need to at least have a good sense of the field.ii. Imagination – see things in a new way, ways in which other peoplewould not see them. iii. Risk taking ability – willing to fail. What would you do if you could not fail? Later payoff with risk now. iv. Intrinsic interest – need to want to be here and be interested in what you are doing. v. Environment – need support for creative thinking. Does one have the room/space to develop?IV. How do we measure intelligencea. Binet i. Created a test to identify students in France that needed special education versus normal schooling. ii. Age graduate test – compared the child’s abilities to that of the average of that age of child. b. Stanford-Bineti. American version for adultsii. English versioniii. IQ – Intelligence quotient1. Any test made to measure intelligence on an objective, standardized scale. i. Verbal and performance. ii. Always within a population of your age. 2. Mental Age/Chronological Age x1003. An IQ of 100 is average. V. Army Testinga. WWI b. Army Alpha was the first group administered testc. Army Beta was the version made for people who could not read Englishi. Unfortunately this test was made with American customs and traditions, like how to write a letter. ii. This made immigrants unable to pass, despite their intelligence. iii. Made immigrants seem dumb – not
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